tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35078541162338048792024-02-18T20:15:19.357-08:00The C.G. Jung Society of VermontTHE MONTHLY eJOURNAL Jung in VermontThe C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.comBlogger101125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-87927072437719965532011-03-24T07:04:00.000-07:002011-03-24T07:19:40.687-07:00Notes From The EditorDear Friends of The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont,<br /><br />In this March edition of the e-journal, we publish Luanne Sberna's February presentation, <em>Jung and Yoga. </em>We hope that you will enjoy it as much as those who attended her lecture and demonstration did. Please note that there are a number of formatting problems in the essay due to the limitations of the blog tool, not to Ms. Sberna's submission.<br /><br />Questions? Comments? Submissions? Let us know! You can contact the editor at: (802)860-4921 or at <a href="mailto:smbuck@burlingtontelecom.net">smbuck@burlingtontelecom.net</a><br /><br />With best regards,<br />Stephanie Buck, ed.<br /><em>Jung in Vermont</em>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-74146840535674246312011-03-24T06:58:00.000-07:002011-03-24T07:03:57.488-07:00Essays - Jung and Yoga<div class="WordSection1"><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">YOGA & JUNG’S PSYCHOLOGY<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Mankind is at the beginning of a new era in regards to the possibilities of self-realization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This is greatly influenced not only by scientific advances in all fields, but also because of the gentle penetration of our perceptions by Eastern ways of looking at the universe, including individual development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Yoga, an Eastern system defined by author Jess Stearn (1965) as:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Union.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>From Sanskrit root yuj, meaning to join.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>A controlled effort toward self-integration so that the individual spirit may merge with the Universal Spirit in a spirit of oneness. (P. 343).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">has a great deal to add to Western psychology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Carl Jung was one of the first theorists to attempt to understand the yoga way and bring it into awareness in our culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Much of yoga can best be explained in Jungian terms, though parts of it differ from his theories.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This paper looks at the two systems and their practices.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">The first, Kundalini Yoga, encompasses an important aspect of Yoga’s symbolism and view of personality development: that of Kundalini energy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Kundalini energy is the energy that becomes available to an individual when, through meditation, the unconscious has been brought into awareness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The symbol for this is a coiled snake which is ready to spring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The circularity of the coiled snake represents completeness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Another way of looking at the snake is through its relation to the tree which corresponds to the masculine principle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The snake, representing the feminine, coils around the tree.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This symbolizes entanglement and moral dualism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Cirlot, 1971).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Jung also notes the frequent use of snake imagery to denote a well-documented archetype.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This is the archetype of transformation and renovation, of an ascending force rising up, related to “sublimation of the personality.” (Cirlot, 1971).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This concept is in keeping with the yoga idea of kundalini energy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>It should be noted that there is an actual physical as well as psychic form of this energy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Kundalini is physical in that the energy is said to travel upwards along the spinal cord, passing through physical points as well as increasingly higher centers of consciousness called chakras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Jung said of the chakras:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">The cakras are symbols.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>They symbolize highly complex psychic facts which at the present moment we could not possibly express in images...they represent a real effort to give a symbolic theory of the psyche. (Ajaya, 1983, p. 243).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Each chakra has its own archetype, a particular polarization within the personality. (Ajaya, 1983).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>According to Swami Ajaya (Allan Weinstock, PhD), one is usually psychologically engaged with a specific chakra or several chakras, and the character that unfolds from their archetypes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>One may experience different “energies” at different times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>However, there is usually a dominant role such as seductress, sullen child, etc. one plays in relation to the point of fixation or regression. (Ajaya, 1983).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Often the level of one’s energy along this Kundalini pathway is manifested not only in psychological symptoms, but also physical ones corresponding to the chakra(s) of fixation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For the sake of brevity and clarity the tables on the following page outline the meaning of the chakras.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">CHAKRAS and PSYCHOLOGICAL MODELS<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><u><span style="font-size:12;">CHAKRA</span></u><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span><u>MODE OF EXPERIENCE</u><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span><u>PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORISTS</u><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -4in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 4in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">7-Sahasrara<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Unitary consciousness<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Advaita Vedanta<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -4in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 4in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">6-Ajna<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Insight, witnessing<span style="mso-tab-count: 3"> </span>Yoga, Buddhist psychology<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -4in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 4in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">5-Vishuddha<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Devotion, receiving nurturance<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Jung<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span>and unconditional love, surrender<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span>Trust, creativity, grace, majesty,<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span>romance<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -4in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 4in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">4-Anahata<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Compassion, generosity, selfless<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Rogers, Fromm<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span>loving, service<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -4in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 4in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">3-Manipura<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Mastery, domination, conquest, <span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Adler, Ego Psychology<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span>competition, inadequacy, inferi-<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span>ority, pride<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -4in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 4in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">2-Svadhisthana<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Sensory pleasure<span style="mso-tab-count: 3"> </span>Psychoanalysis, Reich, Bioenergetics<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -4in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 4in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">1-Muladhara<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Struggle for survival<span style="mso-tab-count: 3"> </span>Primal scream therapy<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p></div><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><br style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always; mso-break-type: section-break" clear="all"></span><div class="WordSection2"><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">CHAKRAS AND ARCHETYPAL THEMES<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Chakra<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Mode of Experience<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Ideal Representation<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Polarities Experienced<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Examples<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">7-Sahasrara<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Unitary Consciousness<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>No representation; beyond<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>none<span style="mso-tab-count: 4"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Shankara, Meister Eckhard, <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>forms<span style="mso-tab-count: 8"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Shiva in meditation<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">6-Ajna<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Insight, witnessing<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>The Sage<span style="mso-tab-count: 3"> </span>Sage/fool, objective observer<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Socrates, Lao-tsu, Kant, the<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 10"></span>deluded participant<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Wizard of Oz, Delphic Oracle<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">5-Vishuddha<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Devotion, receiving<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>The Child<span style="mso-tab-count: 3"> </span>Object of devotion/devotee,<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Christ Child with Madonna, St.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 10"></span>Mother/child, found/lost, <span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Teresa of Avila, Hanuman, Sri<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 10"></span>Trust/mistrust<span style="mso-tab-count: 3"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Ramakrishna, Don Quixote<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">4-Anahata<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Compassion, generosity<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>The Mother, The Savior<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Rescuer/rescued, liberator/<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Blessed Virgin Mary, Jesus, Mother<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>selfless loving, service<span style="mso-tab-count: 5"> </span>liberated<span style="mso-tab-count: 4"> </span>Teresa, Schweitzer, Gandhi, St. Francis<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">3-Manipura<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Mastery, domination <span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>The Hero<span style="mso-tab-count: 3"> </span>Gain/loss, success/failure<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Alexander, Napoleon, Hamlet, <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>Conquest, competition<span style="mso-tab-count: 5"> </span>Dominance/submission<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Prometheus, Superman, sports &<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>inadequacy, inferiority<span style="mso-tab-count: 5"> </span>Blame/praise<span style="mso-tab-count: 3"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>military heroes, corporate presidents,<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>pride<span style="mso-tab-count: 12"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>political leaders<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">2-Svadhis-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Sensory pleasure<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>The Hedonists<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Pleasure/pain, male/female<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Bacchus, Eros, King Henry VIII,<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>thana<span style="mso-tab-count: 13"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Salome, Ravana<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 7.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">1-Muladhara<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Struggle for survival<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>The Victim<span style="mso-tab-count: 3"> </span>Predator/prey, life/death<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Movie monsters and their victims, <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 14"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Hitler and the Jews, The Inquisition,<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 14"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Hansel & Gretel & the Witch<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">From: <u>Psychotherapy East and West</u> (1983).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Honesdale, PA: The Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science & Philosophy of the USA.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p></div><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><br style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always; mso-break-type: section-break" clear="all"></span><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>While the first two chakras are concerned with basic survival and pleasure, the third one represents ego (ahankara) and the potential for mastery or power of dominion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The fourth-heart-chakra completes a quaternium where egocentricity is transcended. (Ajaya, 1983).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>“In the first three chakras, the two sides of a polarity are experienced as being distinct from or in opposition to one another, but at the heart center one begins to understand the complementary relationship between the two sides of a polarity.” (Ajaya, 1973. P. 274).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>One could also say that Jung’s personality functions of feeling and sensing have been experienced at the that level, and if the chakras complexes are successfully passed through, integrated into the personality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This is a little different than Jung’s theory of dominant and inferior functions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>If one is fixated at a particular chakra, a yogi would probably agree that is it a dominant function at that time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>However, Jung’s theory says that total synthesis of the four functions is impossible, because it is only possible when the Self is fully actualized, which is impossible in Jung’s view–it is only an ideal (Hall & Lindzey, 1975).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The next three chakras pass through integration of the thinking and finally intuitive functions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This represents an evolved buddhi, the higher mind of yoga philosophy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The seventh and final chakra represents unitary consciousness the symbolism of the three higher chakras “represent the solution of the conflict caused by dualism” (Cirlot, 1971).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>While three symbolizes the spiritual synthesis that occurs at this higher level of functioning, the totality of all chakras, seven is “symbolic of perfect order, a complete period or cycle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It comprises the unity of the ternary and the quaternary, and hence is endowed with exceptional value...and finally, it is the symbol of pain.” (Cirlot, 1971).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This pain can be related to the pain felt at letting go of attachments which accompanies growth and change.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>In addition to Kundalini as a way of looking at human development, Yoga has its own model for the psyche and the transcendental state called “samadhi” that is a goal of Yoga.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -3in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 3in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>Hearing<span style="mso-tab-count: 3"> </span>Ego<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -2.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 2.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>Touch<span style="mso-tab-count: 3"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>(Ahankara)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>Sight<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Lower<span style="mso-tab-count: 3"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Wisdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Self<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -4.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 4.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>Taste<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Mind<span style="mso-tab-count: 5"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>(Atman)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -3.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 3.5in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>Smell<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>(Manas)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Memory<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>(Buddhi)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>(Chitta)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">From: <u>Yoga and Psychotherapy</u>, 1976.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The senses are the scanning device that picks up information from the internal and external physical environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Mana, or the lower mind, doesn’t carry a sense of self-awareness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It is the unconscious, sensorimotor mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The senses project information onto the screen of mana, which responds by instinct or habit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Ajaya, et al, 1976).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The chitta is our memory bank and, like the senses, feeds data to the manas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It is part of the unconscious and though not indicated, appears to include the collective unconscious.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Since the shadow is the dominant of the personal unconscious (Singer, 1973), it resides in chitta.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Yoga psychology would tend to see the shadow as a one side of a polarity strengthened in the unconscious when the individual identifies with the other side of the polarity and acts in an unbalanced manner (Ajaya, 1983).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Singer (1973) says that the “repressed shadow will sooner or later find a way to collapse the out-of-balance persona.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(P. 220).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Ajaya and Singer agree that the unconscious expresses the repressed shadow side so that it can be “known and integrated into the conscious mind.” (Ajaya, 1983, p. 52).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>While Jung explored the concept of a transcendent function, resulting in the union of opposites towards furthering individuation, he did not seem to believe in a constant balance of opposing forces in the personality. (Hall and Lindzey, 1978) Rather, if one adheres to Jung’s theory, there is a constant state of tension attempting to pull the polarities into balance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>On this matter Ajaya (1983) says:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Yoga psychology, on the other hand, seeks to dissolve all polarities in the sense that they have no hold or determining influence on the individual.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This does not mean that the polarity is necessarily destroyed; rather its domination over the person is ended as he achieves an equilibrium with respect to that polarity...Once this is accomplished, the individual may continue to function in the world of polarities, but he experiences polarities as illusory phenomenon..The polarities then take on a playful quality rather than being perceived as the compelling and inevitable divisions of reality...Conditions of existence are not of a mutually exclusive character; in essence things are not two but one (p. 56)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>It is through meditation and physical practices such as breathing and postures that one achieves this point of unity according to yoga psychology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Relative to this, Jung mistakenly believed that the aim of meditation was absorption in the collective unconscious once the personal unconscious was freed from the stranglehold of repressed elements and their polarities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>He encouraged westerners not to imitate yoga methods in a Christian Way -Imitatio Christi-but to try to discover an intraverted tendency similar to the guiding spiritual principal of yoga (Hall and Lindzey, 1978) His advice has merit, but is not in keeping with yoga philosophy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Western man should not ignore his nature when entering into yoga practice or he risks further repression of the contents of his psyche.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The problem stems from Jung’s incorrectness in assuming that “samadhi,” yoga’s highest or nirvana state, is a sinking into the bliss of identification with the internal deity that is concretized by images which arise from the collective unconscious during meditation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>To more deeply understand what the state of samadhi actually is, we can look more deeply into<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>yoga’s model of personality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Ahankara, ego or “I-ness” in yogic terms, is that part of the personality which allows one to “separate the self from the flow of events and to think of oneself as an individual entity.” (Ajaya, et. al., 1976, p.84) It is that which separates self from other: I and not-I.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Yet, it is not an “active decision-making, thought-producing agent.” (Ajaya, et.al., p. 87-88) I’ness is constantly in flux.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>All during our lives we experience the giving up and acquiring of attachments, which either through pain or pleasure serves to redesign the “I.” As attachments are relinquished growth occurs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>“With time and the accumulation of more experience, each new “I” in its turn will be found to be lacking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Its limitations must be experiences and understood...relinquished for a more inclusive and less restricted identity...Each one [step in development] reorganizes and expands the identity to some degree as a result of changing the pattern of attachments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>I’ness is no more than the sum of one’s attachments.” (Ajaya, et.al., 1976, p. 182)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Thus in many ways, the yoga concept of ego is related to Jung’s ego.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Another personality component in yoga that is related to this is the buddhi or higher mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Buddhi is the power of decisiveness, discrimination, and understanding. (Ajaya, et.al. 1976) Buddhi evolves from “crude perceptive discrimination which simply reacts to the impressions coming onto the screen of the manas,” (Ajaya, et. al., 1976 p. 91) through “an intellectual framework which permits purposeful and rational organization of activities” (Ajaya, et.al., 1976, p. 91), to “the stepping outside of cause and effect to disinterestedly pursue pure truth.” (Ajaya, et.al, 1976, p.92)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Buddhi gradually shifts from a preoccupation with pleasure towards a concern with truth and understanding, and frees itself from the grip of attachments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Ajaya, et.al, 1976) Jung, too, recognized the importance of non-attachment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In Jungian terms, attachment can be equated with complexes and projection (because emotional ties - attachment - contain projections).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>According to the concept accepted by Jung and yoga that one may be fixed at a certain chakra/archetypal stage, then the chakra traits not consciously adopted are projected as contents of the unconscious out into the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Jung indicates that the possibilities of individual reactions to these unconscious pieces, if they grow strong enough, are one of these three: 1) an overpowering by the unconscious resulting in a psychosis (Singer, 1973); 2) the individual is overpowered and obsessed by the unconscious content and becomes paranoid and isolated (Singer, 1973).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>3)Regressive restoration of the persona occurs where one restores functioning, after a great loss of an attached object, at a level below his/her ability (Singer, 1973).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>According to Singer (1973), this last type most effectively projects the shadow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>She suggests a continued search for evidence of the shadow so that it can be brought into consciousness and then to reflect on its meaning in relation to the individual’s lifestyle (Singer, 1973).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Singer sees this as a lifelong process because the shadow is a devilish form, a quick change artist that does not disappear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It simply changes guise and comes forward in another form.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The yoga way of dealing with the above situation is to discontinue identification with a particular chakra’s “character” and to become absorbed in a higher level chakra.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Transcendence and nonattachment are achieved through yoga practice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Pranayama and asanas (postures and exercises) first have the effect of reducing anxiety in the body and mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Gradually, as one increases the ability<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>to control anxiety, an observing ego develops.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This is equivalent to a developing buddhi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>According to yoga psychologists, images arise, as in dreams, that contain day residue and archetypal material.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Traditionally, a yoga teacher would suggest images (yantras) or mantras of relevance to a particular student.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The teacher, a therapist of sorts, was able, because of a highly developed intuition, to discern the pupil’s level of development and attachment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This process can be related to Jung’s use of active imagination in that “there is a sort of spatial logic that guides the use of picture thinking that transcends the narrow verbal reasoning of the ego” (Ajaya, 1976, p. 146); however, in a therapeutic modality, the image comes from the client not the therapist. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>In yoga, there is symbolism related to the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>meditative images that are assigned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The setting sun, water, ice, lapis lazuli, etc. give rise to archetypal images that represent “the treasure hard to obtain...consist[ing] of two pairs of opposites which proclaim ...suffering and non-existence, impermanence and non-self, signifying that all existence is full of suffering, and that everything that clings to the ego is impermanent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Non-being and non-being-ego deliver us from these errors...”(Jung, 1969).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The problem is that Jung interprets this symbolism as giving rise eventually, through meditation practices, to the realization that one’s mind produces the godlike image and that the psyche is producing that through the Self.(Jung, 1969) Again, I must stress that yoga psychology does not agree with this formulation since it recognizes a higher consciousness above even the integrated psyche.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Yoga advises one to allow thoughts to pass through consciousness without struggling to exclude them by using “ego-will” or “active volition” (Ajaya, et.al., 19 , p. 149) to force relaxation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>According to the authors of <u>Yoga and Psychotherapy</u> the mantra “provides a base from which...[to] observe [the flood on the manas from chitta] without becoming drawn into the drama of thoughts...” (Ajaya, et.al, 1976, p. 150).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This strengthens the objective buddhi, which leads to nonattachment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This practice also serves to fill the chitta with mantra, an expression of a more evolved consciousness, as the chitta is cleared of other elements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This assists one in achieving the calmness necessary for higher consciousness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>During this process resistance to the flow of unconscious material can be pinpointed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung was partly able to comprehend the value of yoga in assimilating the unconscious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>He used yoga exercises to reduce anxiety when he felt himself undergoing psychic turmoil (Jung, 1965).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>However, he did not realize that through persistent practice, the unconscious could be revealed more clearly to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Rather, his approach was:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -1in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>I was frequently so wrought up that I had to do certain yoga exercises in order to hold my emotions in check.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>But since it was my purpose to know what was going on within myself, I would do these exercises only until I had calmed myself enough to resume my work with the unconscious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As soon as I had the feeling that I was myself again, I abandoned this restraint upon the emotions and allowed the images and inner voices to speak afresh.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Indian, on the other hand, does yoga exercises to obliterate completely the multitude of psychic contents and images (Jung, 1965, p. 177)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>It is no wonder Jung doesn’t recommend to Westerners imitation of yoga techniques if that is his understanding of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Just as a therapist aids a client in drawing material from the unconscious, so too does yoga.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The highest state, samadhi, does not arise from the obliteration of psychic contents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It arises from the understanding integration and evolution of the conscious and unconscious into a complete individual who, like the analyzed individual, knows their complexes and can resolve them through bringing opposites into balance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Samadhi is a state that is hard to define unless one has experienced it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>I have not, but will try to explain what it is to the best of my understanding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Samadhi is not bliss or ecstasy as Jung thought (Jung, 1969).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Bliss is the state that exists in yoga nidra (dreamless sleep).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Samadhi is breaking of all attachments, including to bliss; it is pure consciousness. (Ajaya,et.al., 1976) It is considered unity because as Franklin Merrell-Wolff points out in <u>The Philosophy of Consciousness Without an Object</u>, <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">...the distinction between the subject of consciousness and the object of consciousness is destroyed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It is a state wherein self, identity and the field of consciousness are blended in an indissoluble whole. (Ajaya, et.al., 1976, p. 269)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">This is not the collective unconscious of Jung or deepest layer of the psyche.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Instead it is the exact opposite, the highest form of consciousness.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>It is my belief that yoga and Jungian therapy can be synthesized to produce a valuable therapeutic method, but it is not for all and not to be entered into lightly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Those therapists who are already attuned to the importance of the physical and creative aspects of the self in relation to the psyche will probably be the pioneers in this area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Of course, there is still the problem of Western v. Eastern modes of thinking, and translating Eastern into Western “dialect.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Also, unless a therapist truly feels some connection to and has an understanding of yoga philosophy and is practicing yoga themself, they will probably not succeed in imparting its benefits to others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>And there are risks for all practitioners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Yoga can become<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>regressive at times by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>providing a urobouric sort of protection for ignoring rather than detaching oneself from one’s processes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It can produce the flat affect of apathy instead of objectivity and non-attachment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As a pathway that one may follow on the heroic quest toward Selfhood, it is full of pitfalls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Each stage of development that is represented by the chakras must be explored and may pull one into extreme attachment and egoism, in extreme cases delusion or psychosis.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>An example of how yoga has been used successfully therapeutically follows:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>One of the authors of <u>Yoga and Psychotherapy</u>, Swami Ajaya, worked in an prison treatment program.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>He led a yoga group and a verbal group with the same participants, though there were some in the verbal group who were not in the yoga group.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>A brief sketch of the process follows:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Body Work (Postures & Breath)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">a.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>increased self esteem through feeling better physically <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>b.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>more interest in the problems of others<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>c. beginning of ability to control anxiety<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Meditation<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>a.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>increasing ability to control anxiety<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>b. growth of observing ego<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>c. mastery over impulses, obsessions, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>d. introspection rather than projection<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Meditation in action<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>a. non-attachment<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>b. karma and responsibility<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>c. identity<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">(Ajaya, et.al., 1976)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Other principles Ajaya worked with in the yoga group included: equanimity - we create our environment and each situation is a means to growth; levels of consciousness - awareness of chakras and one’s way of experiencing the world; replacement of habits - develop routines of meditation, thought patterns, and behaviors that would replace problem-causing ones (Ajaya, et.al., 1976).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In addition, Ajaya views transference similarly to the Jungian perspective that a client transfers an ideal onto the therapist (and others), that “the archetype comes to the foreground as the significant source of meaning and motivation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Using yoga philosophy and practices, a new perspective is achieved (here the similarity is to Jung’s transcendent function) that helps to correct one’s egocentric and inflated positions” (Ajaya, 1983, p. 83).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In yoga therapy one would have the patient meditate not on the external object but on the archetype that has been uncovered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This synthesis of methods should enable the client to realize that he projects the archetype not only onto the manas, but also into the world; that what is outward is a manifestation of what is already within (Ajaya, 1983).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>As evident, there are differences between yoga therapy as expounded by Ajaya and his colleagues, and most Western therapies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>One key difference is the practice of silent retreat, where patients may spend time in solitude with their needs taken care of so that introspection and concentration is enhanced.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This approach appears to differ from the “here and now” external orientation of some schools of Western therapy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Yet, the content of the inner world, from which one’s perceptions of the outer world springs, is dealt with in an extremely immediate manner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It provides a springboard to know oneself and learn to be more at ease in the internal as well as external world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Fortunately, since Ajaya’s pioneering work with yoga and therapy, cognitive and neo-cognitive therapy models have begun to embrace the benefits of mindfulness.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Some final yoga therapy concepts Ajaya discusses in <u>Psychotherapy East and West</u> that are not so foreign to us include: 1) surrender-related to heart chakra and the experience of humanism that transcends I-ness (egoism); 2) creativity - related to throat chakra and chanting, where the source for creativity transcends the ego; 3) unconditional love and acceptance - accepting a higher source of nurturance (nonreligious) and consciousness rather than projecting the ideal of nurturance onto others; 4) awareness of interaction among chakras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It is of interest here to note that Jung once said that Westerners should work on bringing kundalini back down from the upper, intellectual chakras to the lower chakras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>On the one hand, many Westerners do identify themselves first of all with their head and rationality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Thus, they may feel more energy condensed in the upper two chakras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>However, there are also higher functions associated with these chakras, as indicated previously, that may not have yet been integrated due to lack of resolution of complexes related to the lower chakras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>So working with these is still an important part of the yoga process of growth.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Overall, there is a deep richness in both Jungian and Yoga psychology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Both go beyond reductive or ego-based models of the psyche to mine the depths of the unconscious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>While they may not agree on processes or what is the ultimate possible outcome, they each acknowledge the depth of the human psyche and the interconnectedness of psyche and matter with reverence.</span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">- Submitted by Luanne Sberna</span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12;"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"></span></o:p></p>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-32515352398189833812011-02-07T18:33:00.000-08:002011-02-07T18:34:42.515-08:00Notes From The Editor<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Dear Friends of The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont,<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">In this month’s issue of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Jung in Vermont</i>, we feature Sue Mehrtens’ essay, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Loving the Mystery:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Jung on our ‘De-psychized’ Modern Reality.</i> In this essay Dr. Mehrtens <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>draws the important distinction between the predominant scientific attitude which views the mysteries of life as “nothing but” and the religious attitude (meaning the awareness of something greater and ‘other’ than ego-consciousness) which accepts the reality of psyche and its mystery as “just so.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>If you’re interested in reading more on this essential subject, Jung’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Tavistock Lectures </i>is a great place to start.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Tavistock Lectures</i> present Jung at his best – he is engaging and direct, and his approach to psyche is accessible even to those unfamiliar with his psychology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Tavistock Lectures</i> are included in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Symbolic Life:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Miscellanous Writings,</i> and also are bound in their own volume entitled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Analytical Psychology:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Its Theory and Practice.</i> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">There are two free events this month that we hope you’ll take advantage of, first, this coming Thursday, February 10<sup>th</sup> from 8:00-9:30 p.m., Michael Conforti is offering a complimentary teleseminar on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Dream Patterning:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Encounters with Psyche as Threshold Experience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></i>For more information and to register, contact Andrew Bartlett at The Assisi Institute, </span><a href="mailto:Assisi@together.net"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'">Assisi@together.net</span></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> or (802)254-6220.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>On February 13<sup>th</sup> at 2:00 p.m., Luanne Sberna will be presenting on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Jung and Yoga</i> in the Community Room at The Fletcher Free Library, Burlington, VT.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This C.G. Jung Society of Vermont event includes both didactic and participatory experiential activities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It is free and open to the public. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For more information contact Ms. Sberna at (802)863-9775 ext. 2 or </span><a href="mailto:JunginVermont2@Burlingtontelecom.net"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'"><span style="color:#3243ff;">JunginVermont2@Burlingtontelecom.net</span></span></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> .<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">We also would like to make you aware of the Jungian-related curriculum being offered by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Jungian Center for Spiritual Sciences</i> this winter/spring<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">.</i> Based in Waterbury, Vermont, this educational non-profit organization founded and directed by Sue Mehrtens, a regular contributor to the e-journal, is offering an exciting mix of nominally priced courses beginning mid-February.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Please check it out by clicking the tab <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">News From The Jungian Center</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><h3 style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in auto"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">The society’s film series continues to attract newcomers to the society as well as draw back regular attendees.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This past January the film, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Thomas Berry:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Great Story</i>, generated heart-felt discussion around the film’s core message of personal responsibility as we face overwhelming world-wide ecological problems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Fr. Berry recalls us to our human condition when he says at various points during his film narration, “We are a communion of subjects, not a collection of objects and until we accept this essential truth, nothing will change.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>His understanding of a “communion of subjects” as distinct from a “collection of objects” – and the theme of Dr. Mehrtens’ February essay - has its corollary in Martin Buber’s conceptualization of the I-Thou relationship as distinct from the I-It relationship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For Jung, the subjective experience of the Divine is known through the encounter with the numinous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For Fr. Berry as for Carl Jung, the divine spark is contained in matter; when we treat the material world – nature - and all that it contains as divinely inspired and as a manifestation of the Divine, our relationship to the world must change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Ever more people seem to understand this, at least in part, as suggested by the growing interest in carbon footprint reduction, organic farming, and renewables.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Many years ago in a world much different from today’s industrialized built up environment ruled by conglomerates, </span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Chief Seattle expressed his concern for reverent stewardship of the natural world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>He said: <o:p></o:p></span></h3><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">"You must teach your children that the ground beneath their feet is the ashes of our grandfathers. So that they will respect the land, tell your children that the earth is rich with the lives of our kin. Teach your children that we have taught our children that the earth is our mother. Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons of earth... This we know, the earth does belong to man: man belongs to the earth. This we know. All things are connected..." <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Chief Seattle’s message that </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'">each succeeding generation is only the custodian caring for the inheritance of those who come after is well worth remembering and implementing in our individual lives.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The interconnectedness of life is fundamental to Jung’s psychology. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In the 1950s when the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States were locked in an uneasy balance of power known as the Cold War, Jung received a despairing letter from an American wanting advice regarding “finding some spot where I could use my knowledge in helping the world.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As part of his response, Jung quoted a Hindu Holy man’s advice to an acolyte, “Help yourself and you help the world, for you are the world” (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, v. 2, 626, 627).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Jung’s advice is central to the Jungian approach to psyche:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>deal with your darkness within, take responsibility for that which you project – displace – onto another, suffer it and own it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>All of the problems in life from the most minor to the greatest have their roots in the projection of one’s own darkness (or collective darkness) onto the other(s).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>If you’re interested in learning more about working with the personal shadow, a great little book is Robert Johnson’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Owning Your Own Shadow:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Understanding the Dark Side of the Psyche</i> (Harper).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Another is Erich Neumann’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Depth Psychology and a New Ethic</i> (Shambhala).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>To read what Jung has to say about the shadow, refer to CW 9ii, “The Shadow” in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Before closing, there is a new and free e-publication entitled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Personality Type in Depth</i> available at:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><a href="http://www.typeindepth.com/"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'">www.typeindepth.com</span></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Vermont’s Mark Hunziker is co-editor – all the best, Mark!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">With best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Stephanie Buck, ed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Jung in Vermont<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'"><span style="color:#3243ff;">JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net</span></span></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> or (860)4921. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BACKGROUND: white" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-151570994193187342011-02-06T16:04:00.001-08:002011-02-07T09:10:46.682-08:00Essays - Loving the Mystery: Jung on Our "De-psychized" Modern Reality<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><span style="font-family:Calibri;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-size:9;" ><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“… I can leave a lot of things to the Unknown. They do not bother me. But they would begin to bother me, I am sure, if I felt that I <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">ought</i> to know about them.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Jung, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Psychological Reflections</i> (1953)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-size:9;" ><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“Only our intellectualized age could have been so deluded as to see in alchemy nothing but an abortive attempt at chemistry, and in the interpretative methods of modern psychology a mere ‘psychologizing,’ i.e. annihiliation, of the mystery. Just as the alchemists knew that the production of their stone was a miracle that could only happen ‘Deo concedente,’ so the modern psychologist is aware that he can produce no more than a description, couched in scientific symbols, of a psychic process whose real nature transcends consciousness just as much as does the mystery of life or of matter….”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Jung, “Transformation Symbolism in the Mass” (1954)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-size:9;" ><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“It has yet to be understood that the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">mysterium magnum</i> is not only an actuality but is first and foremost rooted in the human psyche.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Jung, “Psychology and Alchemy” (1953)</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-size:9;" ><span style="font-family:Calibri;">“Much as the achievements of science deserve our admiration, the psychic consequences … are equally terrible. Unfortunately, there is in this world no good thing that does not have to be paid for by an evil at least equally great. People… <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">still have no notion of what it means to live in a de-psychized world.</i> They believe, on the contrary, that it is a tremendous advance, which can only be profitable, for man to have conquered Nature and seized the helm, in order to steer the ship according to his will….”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Jung, “Civilization in Transition” (1945)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>A few weeks ago I experienced a synchronicity that led to the creation of this essay. At the same time that I was in the process of reading Jolande Jacobi’s collection of Jung’s “psychological reflections”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> I attended a meeting of a local group I belong to. That day there was a special program with a presentation by Steve Taubman, who, among his many talents and careers, is a professional magician.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> As our meeting drew to a close Steve entertained us with some magic tricks. We all enjoyed his feats of legerdemain—all but one person, who kept insisting that he show us how he did them. She didn’t like not knowing. The mystery of it she found unpleasant, and as I sat there I recalled Jung’s statement, noted above: We get bothered by what we can’t figure out, by what we cannot know or understand intellectually. We no longer love the mystery.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung was aware of how problematic—even dangerous—this attitude is. Why is this? Why is our current attitude to mystery so dangerous? And what would Jung want to see supplant it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This essay will consider these questions: why the current orientation of Western culture is dangerous, and what Jung called for to remedy or lessen the danger. I will conclude with a reference to one way into mystery that Jung felt was particularly powerful and useful. This way we will explore in depth in a subsequent essay. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Our Current Situation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>There are many indicators of the dangers we face in our current situation. In this essay I will consider 11 that Jung identified. These are:<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Our One-Sidedness</b>.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> Western culture lacks balance. We put far too much emphasis on logic, linear thinking, and the rationality of the left brain. We are one-sided in our development of our instinct for knowledge, seemingly oblivious of the need to nourish and develop other instincts, like that for spiritual meaning and a sense of purpose in life.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> We also overvalue external objects, ignoring or denigrating the inner life and intangibles. This is due in part to the materialistic ethos of our culture, with its focus on “getting and spending,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> downplaying spirituality and the religious instinct</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> that Jung recognized as a core component of being human. </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Our Orientation to the External World</b>. Perhaps in reaction to the many centuries of the Middle Ages, during which Heaven and religion were so central to our culture, we have shifted to a focus on the here-and-now, the material plane, and “success” measured in economic terms.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> We forget our inner life and fail to recognize or consider our “inner city.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> Many times in my dream courses, when I bring up Jung’s concept of the inner city, students look blank, so foreign is the notion that we have an inner life teeming with a wide array of different characters and energies. </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Our Arrogance</b>. As Jung’s quote above notes,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> we believe we can control Nature. We want to believe we are in control of our lives, that we have control over the forces in our world that could impact our future, our safety and security. The ego mind lusts for control, and we don’t want to admit that our logical, left-brained methods of knowing have limits.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> These ways of knowing form the knowledge base of our culture,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> and in this we put our faith.</span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Our Faith in Science</b>. As noted in a previous essay,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> the knowledge base of our culture is science. When something has to be investigated in any formal (or legal, forensic) way—the way that will have the greatest credibility in our society—we turn to science. But science in its analytical methods fragments life,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> and brings us “progress” with no sense of all the negatives that come along with it.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> Science makes us feel we ought to know all things, i.e. there should be nothing unknown, and it encourages a “rootless intellectualism”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> that has spread beyond the bounds of the sciences to infect the arts and humanities. Jung recognized that, in reality, science is a myth,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> but it has become so powerful, combined with rationalism and materialism, that it now threatens us with “instant annihilation.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In the realm of psychology it has given rise to an aridity that is woefully unable to address basic psychological truth, even going so far as to deny that the psyche can be a source of knowledge.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Our Lack of Self-Knowledge</b>. When the psyche is dismissed as a source of knowledge what results? Profound confusion and lack of knowledge of ourselves, our inner life, the depths of our being. With the focus of our culture so “out there,” on externals and other people, we have come to the point where we now know more about outer space than about our own selves.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> We resist looking within and remain completely unaware of the reality and activity of our “inner city.”</span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Our Skewed Sense of the Meaning of Life</b>. This absence of self-reflection has given us a faulty sense of what life is about.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> Our culture is so focused on the “newest new thing,” on techniques and technologies and the accumulation of stuff. Materialism would have us believe that our lives will have meaning the more we buy.</span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Our Living Collective, not Individual Lives</b>. We fall for the blandishments of consumerism because we live collectively, with a herd instinct, following fads and fashions, in an “other-directed” focus on what other people are doing and are into.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> Jung observed this other-directedness and complained that the modern person now was “not even sure of his own ego.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">The Atrophy of the Human Personality</b>. The result of these collective pressures to conform, consume and “keep up with the Joneses” is that our individual uniqueness has atrophied.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> We don’t give time or attention to developing the unique set of traits and talents with which we might serve the world. We ignore or forget who we are, why we are here, and what we are meant to do to live out our mission in life. Even discussion of concepts like “mission in life” are met with incomprehension and skepticism in some circles. </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Our Fear of the Unknown</b>. There is a generalized fear of the unknown (as I witnessed in the meeting where the magician presented us with magic) that runs through our culture. There are several reasons for this. First, confronting the unknown forces us to recognize that our science—the vaunted knowledge base of our culture—is in fact limited in what it can do, what it can figure out, and how much it can control. Second, facing the unknown makes us aware that we are not fully in control, of our lives or of Nature. Third, admitting that some things are unknown demands that we acknowledge there are aspects of reality that are larger, greater, wiser than we are. So we avoid recognizing unknowns, like our unconscious and the psyche.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Our De-Psychized World</b>. Failure to recognize the reality of the psyche can lead to “psychologizing.” Jung felt that “psychologizing”—using the interpretive methods of modern psychology—devalues the soul.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[29]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> We no longer think much about our souls or our inner lives, and this makes it easy to dismiss and even deny that the psyche exists. We don’t take the time to care for the soul, much less pay attention to its wisdom and guidance.</span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Our Derision of the Numinous</b>. As noted in Jung’s quote above, we have “stripped all things of their mystery and numinosity: nothing is holy any longer.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[30]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> In our arrogance, we want to play God. We avoid situations or experiences that might put us in contact with the numinous—with the Divine, with transporting or transcending events, with moments of ecstasy. We also avoid areas of life that force us to confront mystery. If we see a magic show, we want to know how it works; we want to rob it of its mystery. In doing so, we impoverish our lives in fundamental ways. Jung was aware that our derision of the numinous is a catastrophe.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[31]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Calibri;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">What Jung Hoped to See as Positive Change</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Calibri;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Ever the doctor, hoping to heal the world as well as individuals, Jung offered some prescriptions for how we might remedy our perilous situation and forestall annihilation. These prescriptions relate to both individual and collective activities, although Jung always saw change as beginning first with the individual.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[32]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> As more persons take up for themselves the challenges to change, Jung felt that the culture as a whole would improve. Some of the recommendations Jung made include:</span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Developing a More Balanced Culture</b>. The Western world is too one-sided, too rational, intellectual, enamored of science and material progress. Jung felt we needed, as individuals, to begin to value our imagistic, intuitive right-brained wisdom as much as the verbal logic of the left brain. We need to put psychological truths on a par with the truths of science, and value internal realities and intangibles as much as objects and “stuff.” Alongside scientific ways of knowing we need to have and use the power in symbols. And we must put as high a premium on self-knowledge as we do on material wealth and success.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[33]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Developing a More Accurate Sense of Progress</b>. Currently, “progress” is defined only in material and technological terms—inventions, advances in labor-saving machines and methods, greater sophistication in our tools and gadgets. Jung recognized that much more important, for the survival of the human race, was our making progress in non-material terms: in soul growth, in differentiation of personalities (as people separated themselves from the mass), in “perfecting the human personality.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[34]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> Along with improvement in the material conditions of humanity we need equal concern for psychic development—the nurturance of our souls. Recognizing that the psyche is a valid source of knowledge as much as our intellect,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[35]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> Jung hoped to see the evolution of a society that blended both forms of knowing. Such an integrated knowledge base would encourage ethical development at the same time as it fostered physical growth and improvement. </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Restoring Intellectual Humility as a Societal Virtue</b>. But such a shift in perception and values would require a shift of attitude, restoring some of the humility that characterized our world before we came to believe we could play God. We need to admit that we cannot know everything, that there are limits to scientific knowledge.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[36]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> The Unknown is real and we have to face this and be okay with not knowing. Using a term mystics employ, we must appreciate the “cloud of unknowing”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[37]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> and face the fact that we are not in control here, that Nature knows best and that our society would function far more efficiently and effectively if we followed Nature’s ways.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[38]</span></span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">A Reorientation toward the Inner Life</b>. Jung felt that if we want the full picture of reality an outward-turning science is not going to provide it. We need to meld science, and its outer orientation, with inner awareness. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-size:10;" ><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Everywhere one hears the cry for a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Weltanschauung</i>; everyone asks the meaning of life and the world…. higher than science or art as an end in itself stands man, the creator of his instruments. Nowhere are we closer to the sublime secret of all origination than in the recognition of our own selves, whom we always think we know already. Yet we know the immensities of space better than we know our own depths, where—even though we do not understand it—we can listen directly to the throb of creation itself.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[39]</span></span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">From his own experience Jung knew that we can discover many of the wonders of creation within our own being, if we resist the blandishments of materialist science (which would pull us out of ourselves) and look within. </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">More People Taking Up the Task of Individuating</b>. Stepping out of the herd, tending to our souls, refusing to be defined merely as an “intellect” or a tool of science,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[40]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> we can allow ourselves to be guided by our intuition and inner wisdom. We can partner with our “inner friend”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[41]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> and dialogue with our dreams to gain self-awareness and self-knowledge. “Individuation” Jung defined as the process whereby we confront and integrate our shadow side, develop a relationship with our anima or animus and experience the Self (our inner Divine core) to such a degree that the ego comes to recognize its proper place as subordinate to the Self. Such a task requires independence of mind, as well as internalizing the loci of control, of authority, and of security.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[42]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Retrieving a Sense of Rootedness</b>. Individuation also involves retrieving our link with our forbears as well as with the wider heritage of our culture. We become aware of the “timelessness” of our psychic foundations and come to recognize that modern political movements, social trends, fads and fashions are (in Jung’s words) “fantastical nonsense,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[43]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> to which we need pay little heed. What matters is the “real man,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[44]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> with his two-million-year-old nature. </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Loving the Mystery</b>. Finally Jung asks us to appreciate the mystery of life,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[45]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> to</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">recognize the reality and value of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">mysteria tremenda</i>—those experiences in life that are charged with numinosity, that take us out of ourselves and fill us with awe or trembling or a feeling of overwhelment. In the face of such experiences we feel small and acutely aware of our limits. The ego does not like being humbled. With 100+ years of scientism behind us, we must make an effort to refrain from trying to explain (or explain away) the mystery. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">A Way into Mystery<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Rather than explain away mysteries, Jung would have us reach out to those elements of our heritage that draw upon the power of mystery to nourish our inner life and soul. One of these elements has been a victim of our one-sided stress on logic, science and externals: the symbol. Jung lamented the fact that our time has little use for symbols and the “symbolic life.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-: minor-latinfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[46]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> What the symbolic life means and why symbols are so valuable are the subjects of the next essay. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Calibri;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Bibliography</span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Harman, Willis (1988), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Global Mind Change</i>. <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Indianapolis</st1:city></st1:place>: Knowledge Systems.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Jung, C.G. (1966), “Two Essays on Analytical Psychology,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">________ (1960), ”The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">________ (1959), ”The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9i. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">________ (1959), “Aion,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 9ii. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">________ (1970), “Civilization in Transition,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">________ (1969), “Psychology and Religion: West and East,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW </i>11. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">________ (1953), “Psychology and Alchemy,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">________ (1967), “Alchemical Studies,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 13. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">________ (1954), “The Development of Personality,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">________ (1976), ”The Symbolic Life,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">________ (1970), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Psychological Reflections</i>, ed. Jolande Jacobi & R.F.C. Hull. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Calibri;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">McGaa, Ed (2004), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Nature’s Way: Native Wisdom for Living in Balance with the Earth</i>. <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">San Francisco</st1:place></st1:city>: Harper Collins.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Riesman, David, Nathan Glazer & Reuel Denney (1955), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Garden City</st1:city> <st1:state st="on">NY</st1:state></st1:place>: Doubleday & Co.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">von Franz, Marie-Louise (1964), “The Process of Individuation,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Man and His Symbols</i>, ed. Carl Jung. <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state></st1:place>: Dell Publishing. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Wolters, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Clifton</st1:city></st1:place> trans. (1961), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Cloud of Unknowing and Other Works</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Baltimore</st1:city></st1:place>: Penguin Books.</span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraph"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdingsfont-family:Wingdings;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">n<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Submitted by Sue Mehrtens</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Calibri;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Calibri;"></span></o:p></p><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote-list"><br clear="all"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"><br /></span><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn1"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung, “Psychology and Religion,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 11, ¶79. As has been the convention in these blog essays, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i> will hereafter be abbreviated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i>.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW </i>11, ¶498.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn3"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶13.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn4"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1366.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn5"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung (1970).</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn6"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Check out Steve’s Web site (</span><a href="http://stevetaubman.com/"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000ff;">http://stevetaubman.com</span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;">) for a sense of the amazing breadth of his skills, interests, talents and careers. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn7"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶426. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn8"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶731.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn9"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “The world is too much with us; late and soon/Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers:…” William Wordsworth, “The World Is Too Much With Us” (1806).</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn10"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶659.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn11"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶426.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn12"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung referred to the “inner world” (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶317, 325-327). The Jungian analyst Daryl Sharp has called this inner reality our “inner city” and he created a publishing house with this title that is devoted to publishing studies by Jungian analysts about Jung’s thought and its applications.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn13"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1366.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn14"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶448.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn15"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> This is how Willis Harman defined science; Harman (1988), 101.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn16"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “The Psyche is Real: Materialism, Scientism and Jung’s Empiricism,” posted to this blog site in September 2010.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn17"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW </i>12, ¶104.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn18"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1367.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn19"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶701.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn20"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9i, ¶302</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn21"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9i, ¶195.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn22"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9ii, ¶269.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn23"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶737.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn24"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶731.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn25"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> The concept of other-directedness is David Riesman’s; see Riesman, Glazer & Denney (1955), 34-38.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn26"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶104.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn27"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶737.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn28"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶146.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn29"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[29]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶448, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1366.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn30"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[30]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;">Jung (1970), 264. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn31"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[31]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1367.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn32"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[32]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶536, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶719.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn33"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[33]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶426.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn34"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[34]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶731.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn35"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[35]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9ii, ¶269.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn36"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[36]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶79. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn37"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[37]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> This is the title of an anonymous 14<sup>th</sup> century essay by an English mystic; see Wolters (1960).</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn38"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[38]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> In this regard native peoples have much to teach us, as they developed cultures that were aligned with and sensitive to the natural world; see McGaa (2004).</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn39"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[39]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶737.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn40"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[40]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶731.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn41"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[41]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> This is my term for the source of my dreams. I got this idea when I read Marie-Louise von Franz’s essay “The Process of Individuation,” in which she speaks of the Naskapi Indians’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Mista’peo</i>—“the friend”—that sends them dreams of guidance; see von Franz (1964), 162.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn42"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[42]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> For further definition and elaboration of individuation and its components, see the 4-part essay “Components of Individuation” on this blog site. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn43"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[43]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶701.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn44"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[44]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn45"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[45]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 13, ¶287.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn46"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=15157099419318734#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[46]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9i, ¶28. </span></p></div></div>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-41077760561227682142011-02-06T16:03:00.000-08:002011-02-07T09:11:10.064-08:00News From The Jungian Center<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" >The Jungian Center for Spiritual Sciences<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" >55 Clover Lane, Waterbury<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" ><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;color:#06082c;" >Winter 2011 Course Offerings/Schedule<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" ><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" >To Register:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Call Sue Mehrtens at 802-244-7909<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" ><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" >Mythology:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" >Feb 16, 23, Mar 2,9; 7-9PM. $60. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" >Introduction to Dream work:</span></b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" > Feb 17, 24, Mar 3, 10. 7-9PM. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>$60.<br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Introduction to Jung: </b>Mar 30, Apr 6, 13, 20. 7-9PM.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>$60.<br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Making Your Kitbag Workshop:</b> April 23rd, 10-1PM. $15.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" >Jung and the New Science:</span></b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" > Apr 27, May 4,11,18. 7-9PM. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>$60.<br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Introduction to Alchemy:</b> Apr 28, May 5,12,19. 7-9PM. $60.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Calibri;"></span></o:p></p>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-16481904937615468512011-01-16T09:08:00.000-08:002011-01-16T10:27:39.145-08:00Notes From The Editor<div align="justify">Dear Friends of The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont,</div><div align="justify"></div><br /><div align="justify">Last Wednesday's East Coast blizzard that dumped more than two feet of snow in some parts of Vermont is a powerful reminder that we are in the midst of winter with months to go until spring. Driving can be treacherous at this time of year so, with this in mind, I include some suggestions for those of you who want to stay connected with Jungian events, but don't want to travel long distances to access them. </div><br /><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">On February 4th the Asheville Jung Center, NC, is sponsoring a live teleseminar with Andreas Jung, the grandson of C.G. Jung, on his new book<em>, Archetecture of The Soul: The Inner and Outer Structures of C.G. Jung.</em> The fee for this presentation is nominal and, based on what I've seen of the book, is well worth the price of admission. For more information and to register, go to</div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"><a href="http://ashevillejungcenter.org/upcoming-events/andreasjung/registr/"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">http://ashevillejungcenter.org/upcoming-events/andreasjung/registr/</span></a></div><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal" align="justify">Here in Vermont Michael Conforti, through his Assisi Institute in Brattleboro, continues to offer an exciting mix of Jungian events both in person and via teleseminar (and he has just released information on the upcoming Assisi Italy Conference this summer, <em>Transcendent Wonder</em>: <em>Peering Beyond the Veil</em>). Whether you choose to stay in the comfort of your home, drive to Brattleboro, or fly to Assisi Italy this summer, you're likely to find a program or event that suits your interests and fits your budget. To find out more about The Assisi Institute's offerings, contact Michael at <a href="mailto:assisi@together.net">assisi@together.net</a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal" align="justify">Closer to home in Burlington, VT, and just around the corner timewise - next Sunday - the Jung Society of Vermont is screening the film, <em>Thomas Berry: The Great Story. </em>The screening takes place on Sunday, January 23rd at 2:00 p.m., in the Community Room at the Fletcher Free Library. Thomas Berry was a remarkable man and a pioneer in the field of eco-spirituality. For Berry, as for Jung, all of life is interconnected and part of a greater whole. In this visually stunning film, he reminds us that "we are not a collection of objects but a communion of subjects." We hope to see you there. If you would like more information, please call or email me at: 802-860-4921 or <a href="mailto:JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net">JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net</a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal" align="justify">Also, if you would like to submit your writing on a Jungian or Jungian-oriented topic for possible inclusion in the e-journal, and/or if you know of an upcoming event of interest to our readers, please contact me.</p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal" align="justify">With best regards,</p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal" align="justify">Stephanie Buck, ed.</p><br /><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"></p><br /><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"></p><br /><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"></p><br /><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"></p>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-68109136829343365162010-11-07T06:40:00.001-08:002010-12-10T05:28:33.884-08:00Notes From The EditorDear Friends of The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont,<br /><br />With this November edition of <em>Jung in Vermont</em>, we bring the 2010 year to a close a month shy of the new year. January 2011 brings changes to the e-journal. Stay tuned!<br /><br />In this month's e-journal Sue Mehrtens' continues her exploration of the analytic endeavor in her essay<em>, The Chosen Few: Analysis as the Hero's Journey. </em>Using a quote from Jung as her touchstone, she explores the various challenges that the analysand encounters on the road to wholeness.<br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:10;"></span></span></span></p><p>The Assisi Institute has an exciting and varied event program scheduled for the remainder of this year. It includes a blog talk radio program entitled <em>Deceptions and Betrayals </em>and a late November through early December seminar on Jung's <em>Red Book</em>. For more information and to add your name to their mailing list, contact The Assisi Institute at: <a href="mailto:Assisi@together.net">Assisi@together.net</a></p><p>Just over the border from Brattleboro, VT, the home base of The Assisi Institute, is The Jung Center of Western Massachusetts in Northhampton, MA. This neighboring Jung society has an active lecture schedule and this month on November 12th Karen Smyers is presenting <em>Does the Soul Like Facebook? Exploring the Friendship Archetype.</em> Dr. Smyers, President of the Jung Center of Western Massachusetts, is a graduate of the Zurich Institute. For more information on this event and to add your name to their mailing list, contact: <a href="http://www.westmassjung.org/">http://www.westmassjung.org/</a></p><p>Mark your calendars for the C.G. Jung Society of Vermont's own November event, the film screening of <em>The World Within: C.G. Jung in His Own Words,</em> taking place on the 21st at 2:00 p.m., Fletcher Free Library, Burlington.</p><p>Have questions, comments? Contact us at <a href="mailto:JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net">JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net</a> or (802)860-5921.</p><p>With best regards,</p><p>Stephanie Buck, ed.</p><br /><p></p><br /><p></p><br /><p><br /></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:10;"></span></p></span></span><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5"></span><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><br /><br /><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"></span></span></p><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote-list"><br clear="all"></div>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-88001320034265550322010-11-07T06:24:00.000-08:002010-12-08T14:45:52.791-08:00Essays - The Chosen Few<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“The <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place st="on">Chosen</st1:place> Few:”<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Analysis as the Hero’s Journey</span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“To develop one’s own personality is indeed an unpopular undertaking, a deviation that is highly uncongenial to the herd, an eccentricity smelling of the cenobite, as it seems to the outsider. Small wonder, then, that from earliest times only the chosen few have embarked upon this strange adventure.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[1]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5"></span>Jung, 1932</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>In the previous blog essay</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> I described some of the many benefits that accrue to those who undergo a Jungian analysis, and I noted that the process is not without its costs. This essay will describe some of those costs--the challenges and demands of the work that make it truly a process that calls up the hero within us.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Challenges in the Analytical Process</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Mental Challenges. </b>There are many challenges. Let’s start with the mental challenges, since Western culture lives so much in the head. First, while analysis has some intellectual components, it is not primarily something accomplished via the left-brain linear logic so beloved in our modern world. In other words, it’s not something one can “figure out.” It is more experiential—a series of lived experiences, “for which reason is no substitute.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> For Thinking types or those (like me) who start analysis with a well-developed intellect, this challenge gives rise to no end of frustration.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>So we can’t think our way through analysis. Indeed, in many cases, attitudes and thoughts will pose problems. Analysis asks us to get rid of the prejudices, beliefs, habits of thinking and ways of interpreting reality that block our growth, and to “attain an attitude which offers the least resistance to the decisive experience.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> This is not easy, in part because so many of our attitudes are unconscious, and it is impossible to give up what you don’t know you have. So, to clear out mental “stuff” we have first to work on becoming conscious of the unconscious. The “how” of doing this is not obvious and we have to look to the analyst for support.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Another mental challenge involves re-perception. Jung asks us, for example, to rethink our attitude around difficulties. Most of us, when given the choice, would take a pass. Let’s go for what’s easy. Why bother with hardships? But Jung reminds us that “Man needs difficulties; they are necessary for health.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> We have to stop playing the “blame game,” buck up and regard hurdles as goads to our growth.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>A third mental challenge comes from the nature of the material dealt with in analysis: fairy tales, legends, myths, folklore, the psychology of the primitive mind, alchemy, cabala, Gnosticism, astrology, numerology</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">—Jung drew on all these and more in developing his psychology, recognizing that these ancient wisdom systems are reflected in the dreams of modern men and women. But who studies this sort of thing these days?</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> So the analysand starting off in analysis quickly finds him/herself floundering in very strange waters. Dependence on the knowledge and skill of the analyst is essential, but trust is not developed over night and so it can be a hard slog in the beginning, especially for those who are used to being in intellectually familiar terrain.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Dream work also poses many mental challenges. Aside from drawing on all the strange stuff mentioned above, handling dreams requires a “special knack, an intuitive understanding … and a considerable knowledge of the history of symbols…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Again, the analysand can assume the analyst has these mental attributes but, from my own experience, I know how frustrating it can be to be told this or that, yet not be able to understand it for myself. So much to learn! So many skills to acquire!</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Moral Challenges.</b> Then there are the moral challenges. Analysis asks us to “give up a large slice of [our] infantilism,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> something that Jung acknowledges we are never normally asked to do. We also must be willing to sacrifice our privacy, to lay ourselves open to another person,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and to do this voluntarily (no torture, water-boarding or duress here!). We must summon up the moral courage to overcome our “considerable resistances”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and allow the psyche to have its way with us, all while we are pretty much clueless about what that means exactly (or even vaguely). The process involves our stripping away “all human pretences,” with the result that, as Jung says, both analyst and analysand get under each other’s skin.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Then there are the moral challenges that relate to the virtues required for the work. Every day we will face the banal and it will make banal demands on our patience from which we must not flinch.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> We must fulfill these demands with a humility that is hard to summon.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> We have to find within ourselves the adaptability to stay open to change not just once or twice but repeatedly,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> as we move through various stages of transformation. We need empathy,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> for ourselves, for those our lives impact, for the world as a whole. We need to summon the courage to stand against the mainstream and its materialistic denigration of intangibles like the psyche.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> We have to be willing to risk being regarded as crazy or odd for our interest in the inner life. We have to have sound morals, a good measure of intelligence, knowledge of the world</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and a “canniness”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> about humanity as we confront the “most questionable and painful aspects of [our own] character.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> No wonder Jung warns that someone contemplating analysis better be strongly motivated!</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Spiritual Challenges.</b> Going one’s own way—standing up to the mainstream culture and, in spite of it, doing your own thing—gives rise to guilt.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Society expects us to adapt to others. Jungian analysis calls on us instead to individuate—to develop an “exclusive adaptation to our inner reality…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and align our lives with what the Self asks of us, rather than with what society might expect. The guilt that arises from doing this must be expiated. How? By “bringing forth new values”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> that serve our society. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung felt that people who went into analysis had this task of service to the whole as part of their life’s destiny. They were “chosen” for this work, challenged to “conquer themselves completely”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[24]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">—something that is seldom or never demanded of the average person. But analysis is not for the “average” person. It is the work of heroes.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[25]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung’s Concept of the Hero</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Mention the word “hero” to a typical 21<sup>st</sup> century American and he or she will think of Indiana Jones or the brave local fireman who rescues the baby from the burning building or the men who dig people out of the rubble of an earthquake—all of these heroics on the physical level. Jung defined “hero” differently, referring more to the inner qualities and psychic courage required to “develop one’s own personality”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[26]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> rather than the external forms involved in braving snake pits, fires or earthquakes.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The Jungian hero is one “delivered from convention.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> He goes his own way and rises out of the unconscious identity with the mass that is the reality for most people.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[28]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> The hero suffers, because his/her path is “trod only from inner necessity and it is sharp as a razor’s edge.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[29]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> In other words, Jung felt nobody would blithely undertake an analysis for the fun of it. There isn’t all that much fun in it. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>In fact, it is at times extraordinarily painful. It is lonely work, demanding our very life’s blood to stick with it. Few people in mainstream society understand what it is about or the demands it makes, so most analysands find themselves reorienting their social life to link up with like-minded people in and around Jung Institutes, <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jung</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Centers</st1:placetype></st1:place> and other such gathering places for fellow travelers on the path of the soul.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[30]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Heroes have a “vocation,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[31]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> a calling for the work of analysis. The Latin root of “vocation”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[32]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> means “calling.” The hero has been “called” to “emancipate himself from the herd and from its well-worn paths.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Jung felt a vocation acted like a “law of God from which there is no escape,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[34]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and the person with a vocation <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">had</i> to obey the “voice of the inner man.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[35]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> He could do nothing else. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung himself was called. He knew whereof he wrote. From personal experience he knew how hard it is to have a vocation, to be an enigma to most and an affront to many. Few others know what is really going on in the life of the hero,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[36]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> called to his/her task. Our society is especially dense about this, given its materialism and scientism. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Hero that he was, Jung knew just how much the hero’s life is “oriented by fateful decisions,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[37]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and how clearly such a person can sense his/her direction. Hero that he was, Jung was able to put his soul in place of conscience</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[38]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and act on the dictates of the Self. Such a life is only for the “chosen few.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[39]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">The <st1:place st="on">Chosen</st1:place> Few</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>“Many are called; few are chosen.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[40]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> We all have a vocation—some calling or inner claim our soul has on our life. Part of “following your bliss”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[41]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> entails discovering this vocation. It is noble work and analysis may be a part of it. But maybe not. As the above indicates, analysis is not for everyone. I am very enthusiastic about it, in part because it saved my sanity, while also giving me both the content and direction for the rest of my life. But I also recognize I was destined for it. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Given the pain, the myriad challenges, the extraordinary demands of the process, I cannot imagine how anyone would venture into analysis unless they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">had</i> to do so. It is not for the faint of heart, nor for the dabbler interested in finding out more about Jung and his thought. If you are such a dabbler, the various Jung Societies and Centers can provide you with a multitude of lectures, workshops and courses that will satisfy your intellectual interest. To undertake analysis requires more than a cursory interest in Jung and his ideas. If your life isn’t a mess, if you don’t live daily at the edge of desperation, if the banality and emptiness of our materialistic society is not eating up your innards, you might not have the necessary motivation for the work. Usually we need some major motivator (like extreme psychic agony) to get up the gumption to go for it. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>At this point you might be asking yourself if individuation is possible without an analysis? It depends—on you and your circumstances. Jung felt an individual undertaking such an ambitious task would have to be “… an earnest and conscientious person with a trained mind and a scientific education…” able to “acquire sufficient knowledge through a careful study of the existing literature to apply the method to himself to a certain extent.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[42]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> But because individuation cannot happen in isolation (being a dialectical process), the person would “… not be able to progress beyond a certain point without the help of an experienced teacher.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[43]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The old adage assures us “When the student is ready, the teacher appears.” If you are committed to your individuation, the knowledge, the literature, the insights, and the teacher <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">will</i> appear. Each of us can find the hero that lives within. Trust your inner guidance and the way will be revealed to you.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Bibliography</span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Campbell, Joseph with Bill Moyers (1988), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Power of Myth.</i> <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state></st1:place>: Doubleday.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung, Carl (1961), “Freud and Psychoanalysis,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 4. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1966), “Two Essays on Analytical Psychology,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1960), ”The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1969), “Psychology and Religion: West and East,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW </i>11. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1953), “Psychology and Alchemy,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1954), “The Development of Personality,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1976), ”The Symbolic Life,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Loy, R., “Foreword to Some Crucial Points in Psychoanalysis,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 4, pp. 252-3.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraph"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span>Sue Mehrtens</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote-list"><br clear="all"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"><br /></span><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn1"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 17, ¶298. As has been the convention in these blog essays, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i> hereafter will be abbreviated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW.<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “Why Go Into Analysis?,” posted to this blog site last month.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn3"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 4, ¶446.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn4"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶904.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn5"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶143.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn6"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶553.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn7"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">I was fortunate that I began analysis having spent years as a scholar of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">medievalia</i>, familiar with Latin, Greek, paleography, mythology, legends etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn8"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶198.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn9"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 4, ¶445.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn10"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “Foreword” by Dr. R. Loy; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 4, p. 253.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn11"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶224.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn12"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶5.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn13"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>7, ¶72.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn14"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn15"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶143.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn16"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn17"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶300. For more on our culture’s denigration of intangibles, see the essay “The Psyche is Real: Materialism, Scientism and Jung’s Empiricism,” on this blog site.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn18"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1392.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn19"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶543.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn20"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1392. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn21"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1094.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn22"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1095.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn23"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid. For what some of these values might be, see the essay “The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Apocatastasis</i> of Our Global Civilization,” posted on this blog site.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn24"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[24]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 4, ¶443.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn25"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[25]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶298.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn26"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[26]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn27"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn28"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[28]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶299.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn29"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[29]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶401.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn30"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[30]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> This theme of linking up with others on the path of individuation was considered in the essay “The Social Implications of Individuation,” previously posted on this blog site.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn31"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[31]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶300.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn32"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[32]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Voco-are</i> = “to call.”</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn33"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶300. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn34"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[34]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn35"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[35]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn36"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[36]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶302.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn37"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[37]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶72.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn38"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[38]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> This ability was one mark of the hero, according to Jung; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶401.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn39"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[39]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶298. If my description makes analysis sound hard, that’s because it <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">is</i> hard, but if it is what you really want to do, you will find the strength in yourself. You <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">can</i> rise to the challenge if you are destined for it.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn40"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[40]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Matthew 22:14.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn41"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[41]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> This phrase will be forever associated with the work of Joseph Campbell; see <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Campbell</st1:place></st1:city> (1988), 147.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn42"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[42]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1391.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn43"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[43]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid. </span></p></div></div>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-50677865732997504632010-10-11T07:24:00.000-07:002010-10-12T05:34:14.923-07:00Notes From The Editor<div align="left"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Dear Friends of The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont,</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">As we move into the final days of autumn, the signs of seasonal change - shorter days and longer nights, fall leaf color and fallen leaves, crisp days and frosty nights - announce the on-going natural rhythm of life, of nature's movement to incubation in preparation for the long days of winter ahead. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">We, too, incubate, turn inward as we adjust to the circadean rhythm announced by changes in the natural world. Perhaps you notice this in so many small ways, for example, a need for more sleep, a change in eating habits and food choices, a desire for cozy evenings in front of the home fire and intimate connection with family and friends, and a greater need for quiet and reflection time? If so, you are noticing the instinctual urge to slow down, change pace, and follow the energy inward. A Koan entitled <em>10,000</em> by the 13th century poet Wu-Men captures the essence of autumn and nature's prompting to inward turning:</span><br /><br /><br /></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Ten thousand flowers in spring,<br />the moon in autumn,<br />a cool breeze in summer,<br />snow in winter. </span></div><p align="center"><span style="font-family:georgia;">If your mind isn't clouded<br />by unnecessary things,<br />this is the best season of your life.</span></p><br /><br /><div align="left"><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></div><span style="font-family:georgia;">In keeping with the fall theme of this autumn season, Sue Mehrtens shares with us her thoughts on the analytic process in her essay, <em>Why Go Into Analysis?</em>, accessed under <em>Essays.</em></span><br /><br /><br /><div align="left"><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Next we have posted the upcoming <em>Vermont Association for Psychoanalytic Studies</em> (VAPS) <em>Fall 2010 Scientific Conference</em> being held on November 6th from 9:00 to 5:30 at the Trapp Family Lodge, Stowe. This year's invited speaker is Dr. Michael Parsons, a London-based psychoanalyst in private practice, who is presenting on <em>On Being Alive as an Analyst and as a</em> <em>Person</em>. For more informaton, go to the section <em>News From VAPs</em>. To access the complete Cconference Information and Registration Form, go to the VAPS link, </span><a href="http://www.vapsvt.org/"><span style="font-family:georgia;">http://www.vapsvt.org/</span></a><span style="font-family:georgia;"> or phone Stella Marrie at 802-223-2999.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></div><br /><br /><div align="left"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Also remember to mark on your calendar the next C.G. Jung Society of Vermont event: the film screening of <em>The World Within: C.G. Jung in His Own Words</em>. The date is November 21st at 2:00 p.m., Fletcher Free Library, Burlington, VT.</span></div><br /><br /><div align="left"><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></div><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Before we bring this October newsletter to a close, we'd like to welcome Jungian Analyst Erica Lorentz to her new home in Brattleboro, VT. Ms. Lorentz is accepting new patients and her practice information will be posted shortly on <em>the Resources </em>Page of The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont's website accessed at: </span><a href="http://junginvermont.org/"><span style="font-family:georgia;">http://junginvermont.org/</span></a><br /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><div align="left"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">With best regards,</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Stephanie Buck, Editor</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><em>e-Journal Jung in Vermont</em></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;">The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont <a href="http://junginvermont.org/">http://junginvermont.org/</a> </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><a href="mailto:JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net">JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net</a> or 802-860-4921</p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"></p></span></div><br /><br /><br /><div align="left"><span style="font-family:'Verdana','sans-serif';"></span></div><br /><br /><br /><div align="left"></div>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-78332524021373443742010-10-11T07:21:00.000-07:002010-12-08T14:46:34.058-08:00Essays - Why Go Into Analysis?<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Why Go Into Analysis?</span></b></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“The analytical procedure, especially when it includes a systematic dream-analysis, is a ‘process of quickened maturation,’ as Stanley Hall once aptly remarked.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[1]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5"></span>Jung, 1945</span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“…psychoanalysis… gives the patient a working philosophy of life based on empirical insights, which, besides affording him a knowledge of his own nature, also make it possible for him to fit into this scheme of things.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[2]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 8"></span>Jung, 1912</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Some topics for the essays on this blog come from my dreams. Others, like this one, arise from students’ questions. Recently a student asked me why I am so enthusiastic about analysis. This essay responds to this question, doing so in two parts. First I will consider Jung’s thoughts on the benefits of analysis; then I will draw upon my own life experience and how I have benefited from my years of analysis.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung’s Thoughts</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The quotes above from Jung give some of the benefits he saw in analysis. Jung clearly appreciated Stanley Hall’s idea that analysis quickens the maturation process because he quoted Hall more than once in his writings.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Analysis helps us mature by supporting the process whereby we achieve “… a hard-won separation from the childhood’s psyche.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Analysis makes it easier for us to discriminate our “stuff” from our family’s “stuff,” our own true way of being from all the “scripts and schemas”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> that our parents, teachers and other authority figures inculcated in us as we were growing up. This is one way analysis fosters individuation.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Another way it helps us toward authentic living is by giving us “a knowledge of our own nature,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> as Jung said. Most people don’t really know who they are; they don’t recognize the depth and richness of their inner life, or even that they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">have</i> an inner life! Jung knew that analysis can provide us with a wealth of discoveries about ourselves, the variety of characters that live in our “inner city”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and how they can hinder, even sabotage our life when we are unaware of them.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Analysis can give us information and good advice—the “empirical insights”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Jung spoke about above. Such insights help us identify where we belong, how we “fit into the scheme of things,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> as Jung put it. Life can be a lot easier when we are on the path that is right for us. Analysis can help us identify that path.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Another practical benefit of analysis is the way it will bring up “…some hitherto unconscious but essential psychic content whose realization gives a new impetus to one’s life and activity;…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> We find we have more energy, more vitality, more zest for living as we expend less energy repressing our “stuff.” </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Repression is common in neurotics, and the pain of neurosis is often what leads people to go into analysis. Over time, as we wise up to our “stuff,” work with our inner characters (especially the shadow and animus/anima) and encounter the Self, the “painful neurotic symptoms”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> disappear.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Besides the practical and mental health benefits of analysis, there are positive spiritual consequences too. Jung saw a spiritual malaise in most of the older patients he worked with:</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Among all my patients in the second half of life—that is to say, over thirty-five—there has not been one whose problem in the last resort was not that of finding a religious outlook on life. It is safe to say that every one of them fell ill because he had lost what the living religions of every age have given to their followers, and none of them has been really healed who did not regain his religious outlook. This of course has nothing whatever to do with a particular creed or membership of a church.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[13]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Besides giving us a “religious outlook on life” or a “working philosophy of life”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> analysis provides a safe, secure setting in which we can unburden our hearts and minds—what Jung called making “a satisfactory confession”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">—so as to find our way toward a connection with something larger than ourselves. In this spiritual aspect, analysis offers a vital antidote to the materialism of Western culture.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">My Experience with Analysis</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>I was 39 years old (i.e. going through the classic “mid-life crisis”) when I began analysis in July 1985. Since 1985 I have worked with one female analyst continuously and with 3 male analysts at various times for intervals ranging from several months to two years. When I began, I was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">very</i> neurotic and my life was falling apart. As is usually the case, I “presented” with what I thought was my problem—the shock of a divorce and incomprehension about why it happened, even more why the marriage itself had happened—and came to discover there was so much more to explore. Typical of the Introvert’s way, as the “stuff” came up in the initial months and the vast vista of my inner life spread before me, I felt more and more overwhelmed, despairing, and depressed.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> That is, I did <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">not</i> feel better immediately. When I shared my despair with my analyst one of the most comforting concepts she shared with me was archetypes: My experience was not unique to me. Many others had “been there, done that,” and they had survived. I was on the hero’s journey, and although for each person it takes a unique form, there are certain basic patterns, and she recognized what these patterns were, and could see where I fit into this larger scheme. So I was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">not</i> lost, there <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">was</i> a road map, and my analyst recognized the terrain. Knowing that my analyst knew what was going on, and that I was not going crazy, gave me tremendous relief. I came to feel that the analysis was my toehold on reality and this feeling lasted for several years.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>So I wasn’t crazy, but I sure had some major neuroses! Negative parental complexes, low self-esteem, almost complete lack of connection to my anima (no typo: most women come into the work needing to integrate the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">animus</i>,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> but I had way too much animus—my colleagues at College of the <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place st="on">Atlantic</st1:place> felt I ate people for breakfast! I needed to get in touch with my feeling nature, and develop my capacity for what Jung called “Eros”).</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> I was profoundly one-sided in my identity as a logical, rational Cartesian Ivy-League intellectual! This one-sidedness became obvious very early in the work, when my analyst would ask me how I was feeling. Feeling? I had no idea how I was feeling, except “bad.” I was almost completely cut off from my feelings! Slowly, over time (several years) I was able to recognize and discriminate my feelings, and the “headiness” gave way to greater balance. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>In time this redemption of my feeling side allowed me to retrieve my true type. My analyst was certain that my MBTI results as an ISTJ were not accurate. She felt I had had to “turn type” to survive the assaults of my childhood. As I got more in touch with my feelings and began to feel safer in the world I was able to access and live out my INFJ nature. This meant I could live more authentically. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Besides discovering my feelings, I discovered many of the characters in my “inner city:” “Little Anima Girl”—so scared, so small, so deprived for so many years, yet the source of my fun, freedom and creativity; the negative animus—so cruel in its demands, criticisms and “Voice of Judgment;” the problematic parental imagoes that stole so much of my energy; the “white shadow”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> that needed to be integrated so I might recognize my true worth and value. Encountering these inner energies helped me come to understand the dynamics of my family and my personal history. And recognizing the archetypes here really helped me set the whole process in a larger context.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>One of the most important archetypes I encountered was the Self. The ego doesn’t like this, of course. In the early years of analysis I rebelled repeatedly when the Self appeared (usually via the very strange “voice-over” dreams that are unique to my spiritual journey). At one point when I was particularly rebellious—not wanting <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">at all</i> to do what my dreams were telling me to do, my life began to go to hell, and my analyst suggested that I might consider trying to be “a bit more open to the unconscious.” I needed to adopt a better attitude. I didn’t like this one bit, but slowly I learned that I could admit my displeasure but set the intention to be open, and I could ask for help—help to change, help to be more adaptable, help to grow up to what was being asked of me. And I discovered that the Self would respond; help would come; whatever I needed would appear. So slowly a track record of being able to trust my inner guidance was established. As Jung said, every experience of the Self is felt by the ego as a “defeat.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> But with each “defeat” I came away appreciating how much wiser, more reliable, and more trustworthy the Self is than the ego, and eventually the ego ceded control of my life to the Self. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>All this work in analysis led, in time, to an enlargement of my personality.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> I was able to play the “game of life” with a more complete deck. Life started to work better. I felt better. I had more energy. Following the Hermetic Law of Correspondence (“As within, so without.”),</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[24]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> as I worked inwardly, it showed up in positive ways in outer life. I had questioned this in the beginning. Very early in my analysis, with great skepticism in my voice, I asked my analyst if any of this was going to “pay off” in “real life.” (In the depths of my despair back then, it seemed as if my life would never be right again!). She assured me that, if I stuck with the process, things would improve. I was particularly interested in “improving” what drove me to inner work initially: marriage. Would I ever be able to have a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">good</i> relationship? Would there ever be a really <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">nice</i> guy for me? That would be the sign that all this work had paid off. Well, it took 9 years (yes, 9!—an indication of just how one-sided, out of balance and neurotic I had been!) but “Mr. Right” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">did</i> show up. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>A wonderful relationship was just one of the benefits. There were so many more—greater empathy and compassion for others, thanks to my integrating shadow material; greater effectiveness as a person and a teacher, thanks to my retrieving my true type and being able to live authentically; greater feelings of security and safety, thanks to ceding control of my life to the Self; greater pleasure in life, thanks to the enlargement of my personality; greater creativity, thanks to reclaiming of Little Anima Girl; greater sense of fulfillment, as I was able to move fully into my vocation, with my work at the Jungian Center. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>But note well: none of this came cheap. The benefits I gleaned from analysis took years of disciplined, diligent, conscientious effort—recording my dreams <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">every</i> night, working up my dreams in preparation for my weekly session <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">every</i> Sunday morning, meeting weekly with my analyst (and, in those intervals when I also worked with one of the male analysts, meeting twice a week), “holding the tension of opposites”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[25]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> for what often seemed like an unendurable interval.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[26]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">At times the process taxed my patience to the limit, especially in the seemingly interminable years spent in the “cloud of unknowing,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> when I wondered and wandered,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[28]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> fretting about the “when” and “how” I would take up the work I knew the Self wanted me to do. The almost-constant frustration of my ego mind was so difficult to endure! Given my over-developed intellect I kept trying to “figure it out,” in a realm of life where the logical, rational left brain is way out of its depth. </span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Most people in Western society live trying to figure things out. As I noted in an earlier essay,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[29]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> we are addicted to logic and rationality. As I worked to develop my intuitive, non-rational side, I became more and more an oddity in our society. The work of analysis, I came to realize, requires a certain independence of mind,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[30]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> to be able to hold firm in the face of friends and family wondering why I was bothering with ephemera like dreams, why I was getting involved with “shrinks” and “having my head examined.” Some in my family even seemed to feel affronted, as if my analysis implied there might be something amiss with our family (little did they know!!). </span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung recognized this reality, when he noted how people tend to depreciate “… the whole process of psychic development,…” denigrating it as “running away from life” or “…’auto-eroticism’—and other equally unpleasant epithets.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[31]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Although it was not pleasant to feel like the odd man out, I found this lack of comprehension from the masses<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>provided another benefit: I came to discover who my <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">true</i> friends were. My real friends stuck with me. They didn’t always understand what was going on, but they hung in and supported me through the years. </span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Why Go Into Analysis?</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The reasons why people venture into analysis are as varied as the people themselves. Some do it because, like me, they are suffering. They get to mid-life and face a crisis. Others get motivated by the failure of a relationship, or the loss of a loved one. Still others are driven to it out of a desperate search for meaning, in the absence of a satisfying religious connection. Many start because they lack a sense of purpose or direction in life, or life has come to feel “dry” or “flat.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[32]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">As I noted above, drawing on both Jung and my own experience, analysis can restore balance and energy. It can bring a sense of meaning and purpose. It can help you see the direction in which your life energy is meant to flow. It can help you “get your act together.” It can help you understand why and how your family was so creepy or dysfunctional, and the residual legacy that early history left within you. Insights, energy, enthusiasm, meaning and direction, information and a more objective stance on your personal experiences—all these are some of the benefits analysis can provide and these are why I am so enthusiastic about analysis.</span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">To be sure, these benefits come at a cost, and it is but a “leading minority”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> who are willing to pay the price. The qualities required in the “chosen few”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[34]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> who are so willing is the subject of next month’s essay. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Bibliography<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></b></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Anonymous (1961), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Cloud of Unknowing and Other Works, </i>trans. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Clifton</st1:city></st1:place> Wolters. <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state></st1:place>: Penguin Books.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Goleman, Daniel (1985), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Vital Lies, Simple Truths: The Psychology of Self-Deception</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state></st1:place>: Simon & Schuster.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung, Carl (1956) “Symbols of Transformation,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 5, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1971), “Psychological Types,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 6. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1966), “Two Essays on Analytical Psychology,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1960), ”The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1959), ”The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9i. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1959), “Aion,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 9ii. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1970), “Civilization in Transition,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1969), “Psychology and Religion: West and East,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW </i>11. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1953), “Psychology and Alchemy,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1967), “Alchemical Studies,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 13. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1963), “Mysterium Coniunctionis,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 14. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1954), “The Practice of Psychotherapy,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1954), “The Development of Personality,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1976), ”The Symbolic Life,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Rokeach, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Milton</st1:city></st1:place> (1960), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Open and Closed Mind</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state></st1:place>: Basic Books.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Three Initiates (1912), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Kybalion: A Study of the Hermetic Philosophy of Ancient <st1:country-region st="on">Egypt</st1:country-region> and <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Greece</st1:country-region></st1:place></i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Chicago</st1:city></st1:place>: The Yogi Publication Society.</span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></b></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><div style="mso-element: footnote-list"><br clear="all"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"></span><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn1"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 8 ¶552. As has been the convention in these blog essays, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i> hereafter will be abbreviated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i>.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn2"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶440.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn3"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Cf. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶552 and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶399.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn4"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶3.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn5"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> For in-depth discussions of scripts and schemas, see Goleman (1985) and Rokeach (1960).</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn6"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung regarded individuation as “the goal the psyche intends,” although he understood that some people would end their analysis before reaching this goal; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶3.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn7"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶440.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn8"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung used the term “inner world” (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶317 & 326-7). Jungian analyst Daryl Sharp, who set up a publishing house for Jungian analysts, uses the term “inner city.” For specific titles and other information about Inner City Press, see its Web site, innercitybooks.net</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn9"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶440.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn10"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;">Ibid. </span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn11"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶3.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn12"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn13"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶509.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn14"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶440; cf. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶3.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn15"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶3.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn16"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> For a detailed examination of Western materialism, its features and impact on Jung, see the essay “The Psyche is Real: Materialism, Scientism and Jung’s Empiricism,” previously posted to this blog site.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn17"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶223. Extraverts tend to want to go out and enlighten the world with their new insights, i.e. the two types have very different reactions to the initial stage of analysis.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn18"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;">This is “orthodox” Jungian theory; see <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶336, but it didn’t fit my reality. My analyst, being a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">true</i> analyst in Jung’s own mold, did not try to fit the patient to the theory, but took the patient as she was. Jung was always empirical and had little use for theory; see <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, “Foreword to the 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition,” p. 7, where he refers to theories as “the very devil.” </span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn19"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9ii, ¶29.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn20"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “White” because so many positive qualities were in my unconscious.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn21"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> I should add that, as a Feeling type, I was not at first all that keen about the archetypal level of dream work: it seemed impersonal and therefore cold. It took me quite a few years (and lots of readings in mythology, legends and fairy tales) before I came to feel more comfortable working with it. </span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn22"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 14, ¶778. </span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn23"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶218.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn24"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[24]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> See Three Initiates (1912), 28-30,113-135, for more on this spiritual principle.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn25"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[25]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> The “tension of opposites” is a key principle in Jung’s thought; cf. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 5, ¶460,581; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 6, ¶330,347,370; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶34,78,115,119; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9i, ¶ 196,426,446,483; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9ii, ¶59,390 & note 79; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶779,784; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶180,291; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 13, ¶147,290; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, ¶400; and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶249.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn26"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[26]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “Unendurable” because it is the experience of the alchemical <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">fixatio</i>, or crucifixion—something no one wants to endure for even one second!</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn27"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> This term is not Jungian but comes from the writings of mystics; see Anonymous (1961). I was reading this book at one point in my analysis and the image seemed so apt for what I was experiencing.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn28"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[28]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> I moved 9 times between 1985 and 2004, all at the behest of my voice-over dreams.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn29"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[29]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “The Psyche is Real: Materialism, Scientism and Jung’s Empiricism,” posted previously to this blog site. </span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn30"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[30]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶298-300.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn31"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[31]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶5.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn32"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[32]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> This was true for me in the years preceding my mid-life crisis. I realize this was, in part, because I was cut off from my anima.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn33"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1393.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn34"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[34]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶298.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;">- Sue Mehrtens</span></p></div></div>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-30078009017013960822010-10-11T07:07:00.000-07:002010-12-08T14:47:06.780-08:00News From... VAPS<div align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size:180%;">VAPS:</span> VERMONT ASSOCIATION FOR PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES</span></strong></div><div align="center"><em></em></div><div align="center"><em>Announces</em></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size:180%;">2010</span> SCIENTIFIC MEETING</span></strong></div><div align="center"><em></em></div><div align="center"><em>Presenter</em></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:130%;">Michael Parsons, M.D.</span></strong></div><div align="center"><em><strong><span style="font-size:130%;"></span></strong></em></div><div align="center"><em><strong><span style="font-size:130%;">On Being Alive as an Analyst and as a Person</span></strong></em></div><div align="center"><em></em></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;">Saturday, November 6, 2010</span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;">9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.</span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;">Trapp Family Lodge, Stowe, VT</span></div><div align="center"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">Michael Parsons is a Training Analyst of the British Psychoanalytical Society and a</div><div align="left">member of the French Psychoanalytic Association. He studied medicine and specialized in psychiatry after a first degree in Classics and Philosophy. He works in private psychoanalytic practice in London and is well known as a lecturer and seminar leader. In December 2004 he was Visiting Professor at the San Francisco Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, and has twice led two-day clinical workshops at meetings of APsaA. He is the author of "The Dove that Returns, The Dove that Vanishes: Paradox and Creativity in Psychoanalysis" and co-editor of the collected papers of Enid Balint under the title "Beofre I was I: Psychoanalysis and the Imagination".</div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">For Seminar Objectives, CEUs available, Conference Schedule and the Registration Form, please go to <a href="http://www.vapsvt.org/">http://www.vapsvt.org/</a></div><div align="left"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><em></em></div>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-84460949253548497272010-09-16T12:07:00.000-07:002010-09-16T15:00:54.403-07:00Notes From The EditorDear Friends of The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont,<br /><br /><br /><br />Sue Mehrtens continues to be a valued regular contributor to the e-journal. Our sole published piece for the September issue is her paper entitled <em>The Psyche is Real: Materialism, Scientism and Jung's Empiricism.</em> In this work Dr. Mehrtens presents Jung's with his struggle to share his discoveries into the reality of psyche due to the limitations of the modern day view point that only material reality is real. Dr. Mehrtens explicates Jung's the philosophical and scientific basis for Jung's psychological explorations.<br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-family:'Georgia', 'serif';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" >Upcoming Jungian events to take note of this month in Vermont are as follows:</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-family:'Georgia', 'serif';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" >1) The Southern Vermont Friends of Jung are hosting a wine and music evening with the spot lighted event being Chessie Stevenson's presentation on Jung's Red Book. If you missed her presentation at the Kellogg-Hubbard Library in Montpelier this past spring, now you have another opportunity to attend Ms. Stevenson's thoughtful and thought-provoking lecture on Jung's Red Book. It takes place on September 19th from 5:00 to 7:00 p.m. at the Windham Wine Gallery, 30 Main Street, Brattleboro VT. Please contact Nora Riley if you plan on attending: 802 254 7365 (<a href="http://www.vtfriendsofjung.com/depth.html">www.vtfriendsofjung.com/depth.html</a>)</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-family:'Georgia', 'serif';font-size:12;color:#06082c;" ></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-family:'Georgia', 'serif';font-size:12;" ><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p>2) The Assisi Conferences continue their exciting schedule of events for this fall which includes a course on Dream Patterning and a teleconference on The Red Book. For more information go to <a href="http://www.assisiconferences.com/">http://www.assisiconferences.com/</a></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-family:'Georgia', 'serif';font-size:12;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-family:'Georgia', 'serif';font-size:12;" ><o:p>With best regards,</o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-family:'Georgia', 'serif';font-size:12;" ><o:p>Stephanie Buck, Editor</o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-family:'Georgia', 'serif';font-size:12;" ><o:p>Jung in Vermont</o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-family:'Georgia', 'serif';font-size:12;" ><o:p><a href="mailto:JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net">JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net</a></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-family:'Georgia', 'serif';font-size:12;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-family:'Georgia', 'serif';font-size:12;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-61371212653076200592010-09-16T12:04:00.000-07:002010-12-08T14:47:36.786-08:00Essays - The Psyche is Real<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">The Psyche is Real:<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Materialism, Scientism and Jung’s Empiricism</span></b></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“What most people overlook or seem unable to understand is the fact that I regard the psyche as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">real</i>…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[1]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“The ‘reality of the psyche’ is my working hypothesis, and my principal activity consists in collecting factual material to describe and explain it. I have set up neither a system nor a general theory, but have merely formulated auxiliary concepts to serve me as tools, as is customary in every branch of science.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[2]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“You seem to forget that I am first and foremost an empiricist,…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[3]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung struggled throughout his life to be understood for what he was—a true scientist—and for what his empirical method told him was true—that the psyche is real. Why was this? Why such a struggle? And why <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">is</i> this? Why is it that many people (especially in academia and science) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">still</i> regard Jung as a “mystic,” not a scientist?</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Why do so many still fail to understand Jung when he spoke of the psyche as real? Even at the <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place>, where one might expect to find people open to and interested in Jung’s ideas, I frequently find blank expressions on students’ faces when I speak about the reality of the psyche.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>This blog essay considers Jung’s dilemma in trying to get people to understand how he worked and what he found in his explorations of the inner life. We will begin by examining the dominant philosophy of our culture (materialism) and the “knowledge base”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> of our society (scientism) and then we’ll consider Jung’s form of science (empiricism) and how it differs from scientism. Finally we will examine Jung’s concept of the psyche, its features and centrality to Jung’s psychology.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Materialism: Why Few People Regard the Psyche as Real</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The etymology or origins of the word “materialism” go way back thousands of years to the Indo-European root <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">ma</i>. “Matter,” “material,” “money” and “mother” all come from this root, all of these words referring to that which has physical form or substance.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> We got our word “materialism” from Latin <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">materia</i>, the “-ism” coming along in the 18<sup>th</sup> century as part of the Enlightenment’s quest to escape the ideological clutches of the Church.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Dictionaries amplify the root meaning of “materialism,” defining it as:</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“the belief that all action, thought and feeling can be explained by the movements and changes of matter;…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[8]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“the tendency to care too much for the things of this world and neglect spiritual needs;…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[9]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“the ethical doctrine that material self-interest should and does determine conduct.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[10]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“the doctrine that nothing exists except matter and its movements and modifications…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[11]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“the doctrine that consciousness and will are wholly due to the operation of material agencies…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[12]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“a tendency to prefer material possessions and physical comfort to spiritual values; …”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[13]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“a way of life based on material interests.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[14]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The astrophysicist Bernard Haisch defines “materialism” as “… the belief that reality consists solely of matter and energy, the things that can be measured in the laboratory or observed by a telescope. Everything else is illusion or imagination….”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The underlying assumption here is that “… everything will eventually be explainable in terms of electrical currents, chemical reactions, or yet-to-be-discovered physical laws—mind and spirit are mere epiphenomena.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">I think the most overarching definition—the one most closely related to our purposes here—is the description of “materialism” as “the present-day physical model of reality that matter is all there is and all there can be.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Intangibles like ideas, love, beauty, spirit, aren’t real. This denigration of intangibles has some serious implications, which we will consider below. Before discussing them, let’s examine some of the components of materialism.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Two of the most important elements of materialism are reductionism and randomness.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Reductionism is the belief that a complex system (like a living being) can be understood by reducing it to its constituent parts. You want to understand an ecosystem? Just identify all the various parts of it and study each one and presto! You’ll have it figured out. The idea that a living thing might actually be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">more</i> than the sum of its parts—that it might have “emergent properties”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">—is never considered in the reductionist’s mind-set. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Randomness is the belief that “… natural processes follow the laws of chance.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> The Universe and everything in it (including you and me!) are here because of random happenstance. There is no meaning, no purpose and no destiny in life. There is also no free will, since we all are mere creatures of chance. From this it logically follows that there is no god, no Divine intention or higher power working in the world. Materialism as our culture’s current paradigm is atheistic.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>It is also committed to rationalism, putting a premium on logic, the use of reason, the dismissal of superstition, and the denigration of what cannot be proven through the use of left-brain, linear mental processes (e.g. religion).</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> This vaunting of reason leads to concoctions that warm the hearts of economists, like Rational Economic Man. Rational Economic Man (this means you and me, in the materialists’ theory) lives by utilitarian values.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> That is, when you and I go to the store to buy something, or when we invest our money or decide how to spend our time, we do what works for us, we determine right from wrong based on whether the action will get us what we want. We do what is in our best self-interest. The result? An ethics of expediency (if something gets us what we want, or makes piles of money, it’s right) and the greed of consumerism.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[24]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>These are some of the implications of materialism. Others include the repression of meaning and true satisfaction in life</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[25]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> (because “He who dies with the most toys, wins!” is a spiritually deadening philosophy). By killing the spiritual side of our humanity materialism fosters a sense of meaninglessness, which leads to depression and despair. Jung remarked on this when he said: </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Many hundreds of patients have passed through my hands… Among all my patients in the second half of life—that is to say, over thirty-five—there has not been one whose problem in the last resort was not that of finding a religious outlook on life. It is safe to say that every one of them fell ill because he had lost what the living religions of every age have given to their followers, and none of them has been really healed who did not regain his religious outlook. This of course has nothing whatever to do with a particular creed or membership of a church.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[26]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Materialism also distorts perception, by making it difficult, if not impossible for most people in Western societies to value non-material experiences, like psi phenomena.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> One of the most frustrating aspects of teaching the “Developing Your High Sense Perception” workshop for me has been dealing with the profound disempowerment my students have endured thanks to this implication of materialism. Students stare at me in disbelief when I assure them that they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">can</i> see auras, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">can</i> read someone’s energy field, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">can</i> access their higher (intangible) guidance. Materialism has brainwashed us to the point of deluding us about our true abilities! <span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>As a model, or paradigm, of reality, materialism colors our culture, influences our habitual way of perceiving things, forms our values and restricts our sense of what is possible. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>It has also led to profound cultural pathology.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[28]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> We see this in our health care crisis (leading so many to focus entirely on the body and to insist on all sorts of heroic measures to stave off death); in the epidemic of drug and substance abuse (pernicious ways to block out a sense of despair or meaninglessness); in the pervasive greed of our culture of “consumeritis;”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[29]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and in all the ways our environment is being degraded (in all the lamentations about the recent oil spill in the Gulf how many people have called us on our addiction to petroleum?). </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Such pathologies spark criticism. The Dalai Lama, for example, reminds us that “The view that all mental processes are necessarily physical processes is a metaphysical assumption, not a scientific fact.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[30]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Some 80 years before His Holiness wrote these words, Jung took materialism to task:</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">The dogma that “mental diseases are diseases of the brain” is a hangover from the materialism of the 1870’s. It has become a prejudice which hinders all progress, with nothing to justify it. Even if it were true that all mental diseases are diseases of the brain, that would still be no reason for not investigating the psychic side of the disease. But the prejudice is used to discredit at the outset all attempts in this direction and to strike them dead. Yet the proof that all mental diseases are diseases of the brain has never been furnished and never can be furnished,… for life can never be thought of as a function of matter, but only as a process existing in and for itself, to which energy and matter are subordinate… people… continue to regard the physical hypothesis as “scientific,” although it is no less fantastic [than vitalism]. But it fits in with the materialistic prejudice,… Let us hope that the time is not far off when this antiquated relic of ingrained and thoughtless materialism will be eradicated from the minds of our scientists.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[31]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung wrote this in 1916. Ninety years later, materialism still has a stranglehold in our Western world, in large part because it is a core element in the “knowledge base” of our culture. This “knowledge base” is scientism.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Scientism: Why Jung Got Labeled a “Mystic”</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Note the word: “scientism,” not “science.” What’s the difference? “Science,” as its etymology implies, means “knowing,” or a way of discovery that is an open-ended, unbiased search for the truth.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[32]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> But scientism is neither open-ended nor unbiased. Rather it is a “kind of orthodoxy,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> dogmatic and dismissive of experiences that don’t fit within its belief system.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[34]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> And its belief system is rigid, barring “genuine skepticism, [and] an honest search for better truths,…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[35]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> As a “degeneration”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[36]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> or “perversion of genuine science,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[37]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> scientism “tends to reduce all reality and experience to mathematical descriptions of physical and chemical phenomena.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[38]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Abraham Maslow, the founder of humanistic psychology, regarded scientism as “one of the most effective and prestigious neurotic defense mechanisms available”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[39]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> in our modern world, functioning for its practitioners as a “security system, a kind of self-cloistering, a complicated way of avoiding anxiety and upsetting problems….”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[40]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> As a “dogma… claiming to be the ultimate and final truth about everything,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[41]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> scientism is the “consensus reality orientation”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[42]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> of our culture. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Materialism and reductionism are two of the components of scientism. Others include: </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">objectivism—the insistence on objectivity and facts stripped of all emotions</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[43]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> (what I call the Joe Friday syndrome: “Gimme the facts, ma’am, just the facts.”) “pseudoskepticism”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[44]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">—the perversion of true skepticism that turns into debunking whatever does not fit into the scientistic worldview</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">quantification</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[45]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">—putting great faith in number-crunching and the use of “quants” (the terrible results of which we have seen recently in the economic meltdown of 2007-8, built upon quants’ not-so-clever creations)</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[46]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">mechanism—regarding the machine as the model of reality</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[47]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> (hence “spare-parts” medicine) </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">determinism—the idea that everything is determined, without free will</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[48]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">the “pathologies of cognition,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn49" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[49]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Abraham Maslow’s term for the 21 ways that scientism warps our perception</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">prejudices—against religion, spirituality, idealism, intuition or “noetic knowing,” and psi phenomena</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn50" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[50]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“image investments”—a host of defenses against seeming to be ignorant or unable to provide answers to what’s going on</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn51" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[51]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">arrogance</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn52" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[52]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“training into orthodoxy”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn53" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[53]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">—Henryk Skolimowski’s term for the years-long period of training which graduate students undergo that inculcates the beliefs of scientism and squeezes out “heresies” like belief in intangibles</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>If, by this point, you are beginning to wonder if scientism has the scent of some sort of religion, consider that it even has a mantra, which goes like this:</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Science tells us about physical reality. It cannot tell us anything about any possible non-physical realities. Since non-physical realities cannot be investigated by science, they do not exist. End of story.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn54" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[54]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Such a mantra does not go unchallenged, even by some prominent scientists. For example, Bernard Haisch, astrophysicist, researcher and author of scores of scientific papers, recognizes that, as a model of reality, scientism “… explains away the reality of even [our] own thoughts,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn55" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[55]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and far from being the unbiased exploration of reality, it “… has abrogated its responsibility to uncover objective truth” and “… has succumbed to a dogmatism of its own.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn56" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[56]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Charles Tart notes the destructive results of scientism, as it “hinders progress in all areas of science… inhibiting new ways of thinking,…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn57" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[57]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and “…denying or invalidating the spiritual… longing and experiences…” of people.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn58" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[58]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Its influence is especially pernicious because it arrogates to itself the “power and prestige” that we have given to science, as the knowledge base of our culture.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn59" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[59]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>It is this grip that scientism has on our culture that has led to Jung and analytical psychology being ignored almost completely in the sylvan grooves</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn60" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn60" name="_ftnref60"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[60]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> of academe. Ninety years ago Jung challenged scientists:</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">It is really high time academic psychologists came down to earth and wanted to hear about the human psyche as it really is and not merely about laboratory experiments. It is insufferable that professors should forbid their students to have anything to do with analytical psychology, that they should prohibit the use of analytical concepts and accuse our psychology of taking account, in an unscientific manner, of “everyday experiences.” I know that psychology in general could derive the greatest benefit from a serious study of the dream problem once it could rid itself of the unjustified lay prejudice that dreams are caused solely by somatic stimuli…</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn61" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[61]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung recognized that dreams arose from more than just physical causes. He came to this and his other discoveries as a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">true</i> scientist, using empiricism as his method.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Empiricism: Jung as a True Scientist</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>“Empiricism” comes from the Greek word <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">empeirikos</i>, meaning “experience” or “experiment.” It is defined in dictionaries as “the use of methods based on experiment and observation.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn62" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[62]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Real scientists (i.e. not practitioners of scientism) regard empiricism as “genuine science,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn63" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[63]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> “an open-ended, error-correcting, personal-growth system of great power.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn64" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[64]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> It is a method posited on the belief that “direct inner experience… trumps logic and proof.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn65" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn65" name="_ftnref65"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[65]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Time and again in his essays, letters and interviews Jung called himself an empiricist: </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“… I am first and foremost an empiricist.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn66" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn66" name="_ftnref66"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[66]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“… I was particularly satisfied with the fact that you clearly understood that I am not a mystic but an empiricist.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn67" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn67" name="_ftnref67"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[67]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“… I am not a philosopher, I’m an empiricist.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn68" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn68" name="_ftnref68"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[68]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">And his methodology backed up his claim. Doing science—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">true</i> science—begins with observation. It asks “What’s going on?” and proceeds to observe with an open mind. Data collection from direct personal observation and experience leads to the formulation of a hypothesis. Then the empiricist communicates his/her findings, sharing data so others can provide further insights, feedback and reports on their experiences with similar data. This leads to refinement of the hypothesis, further data collection, more sharing of results, and more refinement, until the collaborating group comes to conclude that the tentative hypothesis is likely to be valid.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn69" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn69" name="_ftnref69"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[69]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> The whole process is inductive, i.e. it proceeds from the facts to a conclusion—the opposite of deduction, where one starts with a belief and then seeks out facts that support it. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung described how he worked in several passages in his letters:</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“The empiricist does not think from above downwards from metaphysical premises, but comes from below upwards from the phenomenal world,…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn70" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn70" name="_ftnref70"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[70]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(This is the way of induction).</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“… the empiricist… in order to do justice to his task, can appeal to nothing except the given realities.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(He focuses on facts, not theories).</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn71" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn71" name="_ftnref71"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[71]</span></span></span></span></a></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“… our empirical psychology is based entirely on the experience of individual cases,…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn72" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn72" name="_ftnref72"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[72]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> (Rather than try to fit people into some arbitrary theory, Jung began by taking each patient as an individual, with a unique set of experiences).</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“One should not misconstrue the findings of empiricism as philosophical premises, for they are not obtained by deduction but from clinical and factual material.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn73" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn73" name="_ftnref73"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[73]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Jung got the material for his psychological system from his own experiences and those of his patients).</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“The point of view I have adopted is that of modern empirical psychology and the scientific method… Psychology cannot establish any metaphysical “truths,” nor does it try to. It is concerned solely with the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">phenomenology of the psyche</i>…. For modern psychology, ideas are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">entities</i>, like animals and plants. The scientific method consists in the description of nature.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn74" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn74" name="_ftnref74"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[74]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>And part of nature, Jung argued, is intangible. Here is where Jung parted company with materialism and scientism: Intangibles—like ideas, dreams, the psyche—are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">real</i>. They exist. We deny their existence at our—and our society’s—peril.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">The Psyche, Its Features and Role in Jung’s Thought</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>“Psyche” means “soul” in Greek. In some places in his writing Jung uses the two terms interchangeably. For example in his essay “Psychology and Alchemy,” he writes: </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">…with Western man the value of the self sinks to zero. Hence the universal depreciation of the soul in the West. Whoever speaks of the reality of the soul or psyche is accused of “psychologism.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn75" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn75" name="_ftnref75"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[75]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">From our discussion of materialism and scientism, we can understand why Jung was so often accused of “psychologism.” </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Elsewhere Jung describes the psyche as “peculiar.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn76" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn76" name="_ftnref76"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[76]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Autonomous</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn77" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn77" name="_ftnref77"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[77]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and unconscious,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn78" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn78" name="_ftnref78"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[78]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> it is mostly unknown to us, and beyond our ability to fully grasp.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn79" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn79" name="_ftnref79"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[79]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> While it is linked to both the organic and inorganic worlds,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn80" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn80" name="_ftnref80"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[80]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> it is independent of physical data to some extent,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn81" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn81" name="_ftnref81"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[81]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and it has the curious ability to relativize both time and space</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn82" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn82" name="_ftnref82"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[82]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> (i.e. it plays a role in psi phenomena). As “… a complex whole actuated not only by instinctual processes and personal relationships but by the spiritual needs and suprapersonal currents of the time,…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn83" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn83" name="_ftnref83"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[83]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> the psyche in its “creative capacity,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn84" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn84" name="_ftnref84"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[84]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> opposes entropy</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn85" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn85" name="_ftnref85"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[85]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> (the principle in thermodynamics that postulates increasing disorder in a system over time). Because of the action of the psyche, living systems are “negentropic,” i.e. they are able to maintain a state of order or equilibrium while they are alive. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Maintaining equilibrium is another feature of Jung’s image of the psyche. He notes repeatedly that “… the psyche is a self-regulating system, just as the body is,…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn86" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn86" name="_ftnref86"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[86]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> As a quality of matter, the psyche is dependent on the body’s nervous system.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn87" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn87" name="_ftnref87"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[87]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> It has a structure</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn88" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn88" name="_ftnref88"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[88]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and is accessible to the scientist through empirical methods.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn89" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn89" name="_ftnref89"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[89]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>What role does the psyche play in Jung’s thought? Before addressing this question, we might well recall what we discussed above. “Psychiatry” and “psychology” both come from the root word “psyche.” This suggests that, in any form of psychiatric or psychological activity, the psyche would be the central focus. But in actuality, due to the pernicious influence of materialism and scientism, the vast majority of psychiatric training programs, college departments of psychology, and state boards of mental health licensure act as if “psyche” has no place in their work! The psyche being an intangible, they ignore or dismiss it. They are so locked into the materialist ethos that they can’t recognize the core element in their profession.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung, of course, is different. He recognized the psyche as one of the three central elements of his system: </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">… the structure of opposites and their symbolism, the anima archetype, and … the unavoidable encounter with the reality of the psyche… these three main points play an essential role in my psychology,…</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn90" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn90" name="_ftnref90"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[90]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Elsewhere Jung called the psyche “… reality par excellence,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn91" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn91" name="_ftnref91"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[91]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> the “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">auctor rerum</i>… the ground and substrate”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn92" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn92" name="_ftnref92"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[92]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> of reality, “…the greatest of all cosmic wonders and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">sine qua non</i> of the world as an object.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn93" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn93" name="_ftnref93"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[93]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung went further than these encomiums in his regard for the psyche. He regarded it as “the world’s pivot:… the one great condition for the existence of the world,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn94" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn94" name="_ftnref94"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[94]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and the factor upon which the future of the world depends: </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">… nowadays particularly, the world hangs by a thin thread, and that thread is the psyche of man.” “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">We</i> are the great danger. The psyche is the great danger…</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn95" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn95" name="_ftnref95"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[95]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">When asked about our prospects, Jung put the psyche front and center:</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">… the careful consideration of psychic factors is of importance in restoring not merely the individual’s balance, but society’s as well. Otherwise the destructive tendencies easily gain the upper hand. In the same way that the atom-bomb is an unparalleled means of physical mass destruction, so the misguided development of the soul must lead to psychic mass destruction.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn96" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn96" name="_ftnref96"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[96]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung was not sanguine about the future of the world, as I have noted in earlier blog essays. He continued his remarks above with this warning:</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">The present situation is so sinister that one cannot suppress the suspicion that the Creator is planning another deluge that will finally exterminate the existing race of men.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn97" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn97" name="_ftnref97"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[97]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>If we want to rise to the challenge facing us in these critical times, Jung would ask us to turn within, to our souls, to the psychic reality that is at the root of our being. Stand up to the foolishness of materialism and the life-killing stupidity of scientism! These features of our contemporary world are the most fearsome weapon of mass destruction we face now, all the more threatening because they are unrecognized as such. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>How do you come to learn for yourself that the psyche is real? Trust your own experience, work with your dreams, pay attention to your inner life, and turn a deaf ear to the scientistic materialists! (This will require some independence of thought, as our society is deeply permeated with scientism). Listen to Jung and follow his example of relying on your own inner wisdom, and you too will come to know what Jung knew: that the psyche is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">real</i>. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Bibliography</span></b></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Griffin</st1:city></st1:place>, David (1996), “A Postmodern Science,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Revisioning Science</i>, ed. Susan Mehrtens. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Waterbury</st1:city> <st1:state st="on">VT</st1:state></st1:place>: The Potlatch Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Haisch, Bernard (2006), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The God Theory</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Francisco</st1:city></st1:place>: Weiser Books.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Harman, Willis (1988), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Global Mind Change</i>. <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Indianapolis</st1:place></st1:city>: Knowledge Systems.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Hergenhahn, B.R. (1994), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">An Introduction to Theories of Personality.</i> <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Englewood</st1:city></st1:place> Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung, C.G. (1960), ”The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1959), “Aion,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 9ii. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1970), “Civilization in Transition,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1969), “Psychology and Religion: West and East,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW </i>11. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1953), “Psychology and Alchemy,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1976), ”The Symbolic Life,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1973), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, ed. Gerhard Adler & Aniela Jaffé. 2 vols. Princeton: <st1:place st="on">Princeton</st1:place> University Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1977), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">C.G. Jung Speaking: Interviews and Encounters</i>, ed. William McGuire & R.F.C. Hull. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Lewis, Michael (2010), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Big Short</i>. <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>: W.W. Norton.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Lewis, Charlton & Charles Short (1969), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">A Latin Dictionary</i>. <st1:city st="on">Oxford</st1:city>: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Oxford</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Markopolos, Harry (2010), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">No One Would Listen</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Hoboken</st1:city> <st1:state st="on">NJ</st1:state></st1:place>: John Wiley & Sons.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Moelaert, John (1974), “The Epidemic in Our Midst,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Earthkeeping: <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Readings</st1:city></st1:place> in Human Ecology</i>, eds. Charles Juzek & Susan Mehrtens. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Pacific Grove</st1:city> <st1:state st="on">CA</st1:state></st1:place>: The Boxwood Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Sharf, Richard (1996), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling: Concepts and Cases</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state></st1:place>: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Skolimowski, Henryk (1996), “The Methodology of Participation,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Revisioning Science</i>, ed. Susan Mehrtens. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Waterbury</st1:city> <st1:state st="on">VT</st1:state></st1:place>: The Potlatch Press.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Solomon, Deborah (2010), “Math Is Hard: Questions for Harry Markopolos,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The New York Times Magazine</i> (February 28, 2010), 14.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Tart, Charles (2009), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The End of Materialism</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Oakland</st1:city> <st1:state st="on">CA</st1:state></st1:place>: New Harbinger Publications.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><div style="mso-element: footnote-list"><br clear="all"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"></span><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn1"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Jung, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i> 11, ¶757. As has been the convention in these blog essays, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i> will hereafter be abbreviated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW.<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn2"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1507.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn3"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “Letter to Pastor Ernst Jahn,” 7 September 1935; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i> I, 195.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn4"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> I hear this often in my work as a college professor from some of my students who venture into psychology courses and come away surprised at the prejudiced attitude of their professors in departments of psychology. Such attitudes are not uniform however: I own two recently-published textbooks in psychology, both of which actually mention Jung and his work; cf. Sharf (1996) and Hergenhahn (1994).</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn5"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> I first heard the concept of science as the “knowledge base” of Western society from Willis Harman, President of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Institute</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Noetic Sciences</st1:placename></st1:place>, with whom I worked for several years. See Harman (1988), 101, for a fuller description of science as the knowledge base of our culture.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn6"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Lewis & Short (1969), 1118.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn7"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart (2009), 295.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn8"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">World Book Encyclopedia Dictionary</i> II, 1196.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn9"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Ibid.</span></span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn10"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn11"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart (2009), 295.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn12"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn13"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn14"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn15"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Haisch (2006), ix.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn16"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart calls this “promissory materialism;” Tart (2009), ix,13,241.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn17"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Haisch (2006), 67.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn18"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., ix-x.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn19"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Like “mind,” “consciousness,” wholeness, the capacity to reason, love or create; see ibid., 24.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn20"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., x.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn21"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;">Ibid., x; Tart (2009), 28-29. </span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn22"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart (2009), 75, 246.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn23"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 28. The new discipline of “behavioral economics” is challenging the concept of Rational Economic Man, in the recognition that we aren’t always logical or rational in the choices we make, economic or otherwise. </span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn24"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[24]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart (2009), 377.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn25"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[25]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 34.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn26"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[26]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶509.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn27"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart (2009), 13.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn28"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[28]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 246.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn29"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[29]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;">This neologism was coined by Canadian conservationist John Moelaert; see Moelaert (1974), 219. </span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn30"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[30]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Quoted in Tart (2009), 2.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn31"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[31]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶529.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn32"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[32]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart (2009), 6, 192-3.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn33"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Haisch (2006), 25.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn34"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[34]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 50,60; cf. Tart (2009), 33.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn35"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[35]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart (2009), 12.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn36"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[36]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 53.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn37"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[37]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 192.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn38"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[38]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">World Book Encyclopedia Dictionary</i>, II, 1736.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn39"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[39]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart (2009), 12.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn40"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[40]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 54.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn41"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[41]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;">Ibid., 75. </span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn42"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[42]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 82.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn43"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[43]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Griffin</st1:city></st1:place> (1996), 55.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn44"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[44]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart (2009), 64-65.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn45"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[45]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Haisch (2006), 64.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn46"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[46]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> For an entertaining and well-written account of the nightmare inflicted by the “quants” on the global economy, see Lewis (2010). It would be unfair to imply that all activities by “quants” are negative: Harry Markopolos, the Madoff whistle-blower, identifies himself as a “quant” and he has been instrumental in exposing the ineptitude at the Security and Exchange Commission; for his account of the years he spent trying to get the S.E.C. to investigate Madoff, see his well-written book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">No One Would Listen.</i></span></span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn47"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[47]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Griffin</st1:city></st1:place> (1996), 69, 77.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn48"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[48]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 55-56.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn49"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn49" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[49]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart (2009), 37. The 21 forms identified by Maslow are: “a compulsive need for certainty;” “premature generalization;” “hanging onto a generalization in spite of new information that contradicts it;” “denial of ignorance;” “the need to appear decisive, certain, confident;” “an inflexible, neurotic need to be tough;” “a lack of balance between our masculine and feminine sides;” “rationalization;” “intolerance of ambiguity;” “social factors biasing the search for knowledge;” “grandiosity;” “pathological humility;” “overrespect for authority;” “overrespect for the intellectual powers of the mind;” “intellectualization;” “dominating, one-upping or impressing people;” “fearing the truth;” “rubricizing;” “compulsive dichotomizing;” and “a compulsive seeking and need for novelty.” Tart explains these in depth on pages 55-61.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn50"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn50" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[50]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 40.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn51"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn51" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[51]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 57.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn52"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn52" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[52]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 38, 241.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn53"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn53" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[53]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Skolimowski describes this process in detail in Skolimowski (1996), 160-9.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn54"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn54" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[54]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Haisch (2006), 38. </span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn55"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn55" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[55]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 137.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn56"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn56" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[56]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 146.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn57"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn57" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[57]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart (2009), 53.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn58"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn58" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref58" name="_ftn58"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[58]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 241.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn59"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn59" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref59" name="_ftn59"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[59]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 194.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn60"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn60" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref60" name="_ftn60"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[60]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> No typo: I use this pun on the hackneyed phrase describing the cloistered realm of academia—“the sylvan groves of academe—to point up how the academy has succumbed to the hidebound thinking of scientism.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn61"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn61" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref61" name="_ftn61"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[61]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶529.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn62"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn62" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref62" name="_ftn62"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[62]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">World Book Encyclopedia Dictionary</i>, I, 644.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn63"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn63" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref63" name="_ftn63"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[63]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart (2009), 290.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn64"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn64" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref64" name="_ftn64"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[64]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 54.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn65"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn65" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref65" name="_ftn65"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[65]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Haisch (2006), 58.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn66"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn66" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref66" name="_ftn66"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[66]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “Letter to Pastor Ernst Jahn,” 7 September 1935; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, I, 195. </span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn67"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn67" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref67" name="_ftn67"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[67]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “Letter to Norbert Drewett, O.P.,” 25 September 1937; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, I, 237.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn68"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn68" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref68" name="_ftn68"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[68]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “Letter to Swami Devatmananda,” 9 February 1937; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, I, 227.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn69"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn69" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref69" name="_ftn69"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[69]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Tart explains this process in detail; Tart (2009), 43-50.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn70"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn70" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref70" name="_ftn70"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[70]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “Letter to Pastor Ernst Jahn,” 7 September 1935; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, I, 196.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn71"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn71" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref71" name="_ftn71"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[71]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn72"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn72" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref72" name="_ftn72"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[72]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1312.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn73"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn73" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref73" name="_ftn73"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[73]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1510.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn74"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn74" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref74" name="_ftn74"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[74]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶742.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn75"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn75" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref75" name="_ftn75"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[75]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶9.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn76"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn76" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref76" name="_ftn76"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[76]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶655.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn77"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn77" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref77" name="_ftn77"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[77]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶555; cf. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶60.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn78"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn78" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref78" name="_ftn78"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[78]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶60.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn79"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn79" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref79" name="_ftn79"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[79]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶564; cf. “Letter to Pastor Ernst Jahn,” 7 September 1935; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, I, 196.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn80"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn80" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref80" name="_ftn80"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[80]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶655.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn81"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn81" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref81" name="_ftn81"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[81]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶555.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn82"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn82" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref82" name="_ftn82"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[82]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶655.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn83"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn83" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref83" name="_ftn83"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[83]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶1046.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn84"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn84" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref84" name="_ftn84"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[84]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶249.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn85"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn85" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref85" name="_ftn85"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[85]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶375.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn86"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn86" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref86" name="_ftn86"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[86]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶159.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn87"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn87" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref87" name="_ftn87"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[87]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶607.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn88"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn88" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref88" name="_ftn88"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[88]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶777.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn89"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn89" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref89" name="_ftn89"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[89]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶441.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn90"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn90" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref90" name="_ftn90"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[90]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶829.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn91"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn91" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref91" name="_ftn91"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[91]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9ii, ¶120, note 92.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn92"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn92" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref92" name="_ftn92"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[92]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1116.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn93"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn93" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref93" name="_ftn93"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[93]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶357.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn94"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn94" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref94" name="_ftn94"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[94]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶423.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn95"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn95" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref95" name="_ftn95"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[95]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung (1977), 303-4.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn96"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn96" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref96" name="_ftn96"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[96]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶428.</span></p></div><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn97"><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn97" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref97" name="_ftn97"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[97]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div></div>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-51178175884865539972010-08-08T10:56:00.000-07:002010-08-08T11:41:43.141-07:00Notes From The EditorDear Friends of The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont,<br /><br /><br /><br />The society's Garden Party this past June, held at Chessie Stevenson's lovely country home in Waitsfield, was a big success. Although the day was cloudy and gray, and sporadic showers prevented us from gathering out of doors in her spacious garden, the twenty or so of us who made the trek up Brook Road, had a very cheery time. Old friends reconnected and new friends were made as mingling guests nibbled their way through an elegant array of finger foods and sipped from a selection of fine wine. The time went much too quickly that evening.... Perhaps next year?<br /><br /><br /><br />This summer edition <em>of Jung in </em>Vermont presents two essays by Sue Mehrtens. The first, entitled <em>Jung and the Social Implications of Individuation, </em>explores the collective aspect of Individuation. The second, <em>Jung on</em> <em>Adult Education, or Why The Jungian Center</em>, introduces us to the motivation behind Sue's founding of her non-profit center in Waterbury.<br /><br /><br />Next under the heading <em>Calendar of Events Fall 2010 / Winter 2011</em>, information on two film screens is provided: <em>The World Within: C.G. Jung in His Own Words </em>(November 2010) and <em>Thomas Berry - The Great Story: The Life and Work of the Famous Eco-Theologian </em>(January 2011). As a reminder, email flyers for these two films will be sent out closer to their screening dates.<br /><br /><br /><br />We wrap up this edition of the e-journal with The Assisi Institute's fall program found under the heading <em>News From... The Assisi Institute.</em><br /><br /><em></em><br /><br />As always we'd love to hear from you with comments about our publication, suggestions for future editions, society programs and the like. And remember, members are invited to contribute.<br /><br /><br /><br />With best regards,<br /><br />Stephanie Buck, Editor<br /><br /><em>JunginVermont, </em>The e-journal of The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont<br /><br /><br /><br />Contact: 802-860-4921 or <a href="mailto:JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net">JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><em></em>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-35362750457617984682010-08-08T10:14:00.000-07:002010-12-10T17:45:35.889-08:00Calendar of Events Fall 2010 / Winter 2011<div><div><div align="center"><span style="font-size:180%;color:#3333ff;"></span></div><p align="center"></p><p align="left"><b><i><span style="font-family:Georgia,Georgia;"><span style="font-family:Georgia,Georgia;">Society events are free and open to the public. </p></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><br /><p align="left"></p><br /><p align="left"></p><br /><p align="left"></p><br /><p align="left"><span style="color:#3333ff;">NOVEMBER 21, 2010</span></p><br /><p align="left"></span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;">Film & Discussion </b></span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;">T</span></span><i><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;">he World Within:C.G. Jung in His Own Words </p></i></span></span><b><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><br /><p align="left">Presenter: </b></span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;">Stephanie Buck </p></span></span><b><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><br /><p align="left">Time: </b></span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;">2:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. </p></span></span><b><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><br /><p align="left">Place: </b></span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,Cambria;">Fletcher Free Library, Burlington, VT </p></span></span><b><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><br /><br /><p align="left"></p><br /><br /><p align="left"></p><br /><p align="left"></p><br /><p align="left"></p><br /><p align="left"><span style="color:#3333ff;"></span></p><br /><p align="left"><span style="color:#3333ff;"></span></p><br /><p align="left"><span style="color:#3333ff;">JANUARY 23, 2011</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="color:#3333ff;"> </span></p><br /><p align="left">Film & Discussion: </b></span></span><i><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;">Thomas Berry: The Great Story </p></i></span></span><b><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><br /><p align="left">Presenter: </b></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;">Stephanie Buck </p></span></span><b><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><br /><p align="left">Time: </b></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;">2:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. </p></span></span><b><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><br /><p align="left">Place: </b></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;">Fletcher Free Library, Burlington, VT </p></span></span><b><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><br /><br /><p align="left"></p><br /><p align="left"></p><br /><p align="left"></p><br /><p align="left"></p><br /><p align="left"><span style="color:#3333ff;"></span></p><br /><p align="left"><span style="color:#3333ff;">FEBRUARY 13, 2011</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="color:#3333ff;"> </span></p><br /><p align="left">Presentation: </b></span></span><i><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;">Jung and Yoga </p></i></span></span><b><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><br /><p align="left">Presenter: </b></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;">Luanne Sberna </p></span></span><b><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><br /><p align="left">Time: </b></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;">2:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. </p></span></span><b><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><br /><br /><p align="left">Place: </b></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Calibri;">Fletcher Free Library, Burlington, VT </p></span></span><br /><br /><p align="left"><em>For more information, contact: Stephanie Buck, 860-4921 or </em><a href="mailto:JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net"><em>JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net</em></a></p><br /><br /><br /><p align="left"><br /></p><br /><br /><br /><div align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;"></span></div></div></div>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-83040310463569866222010-08-08T10:11:00.000-07:002010-12-08T14:48:02.970-08:00Essays - Jung and the Social Implications of Individuation<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung and the Social Implications of Individuation</span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Earlier essays on this blog site</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> described some of the components of individuation and defined it as </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">… a developmental process which begins in the adult individual, usually after the age of thirty-five, and if successful leads to the discovery of the Self and its replacing of the ego as the personality center. Individuation is the discovery of and the extended dialogue with the objective psyche of which the Self is the comprehensive expression.</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Perhaps because it seems similar to “individualism,” or perhaps because American society is so biased toward that philosophy of “each for himself,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> many people assume that individuation implies a preoccupation with oneself, selfishness and social isolation. But this is not true at all. Far from fostering selfishness and self-absorption, individuation promotes a greater sense of social concern and responsibility in the person who has taken the spiritual journey. This essay seeks to clarify Jung’s attitudes in this regard, beginning with his warnings about the dangers of immersion in the “mass psychology”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> of groups.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung on the Dangers of Groups</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>In the essay “Jung’s Timeliness and Thoughts on Our Current Reality,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> we noted Jung’s concern about how easily individuals could become identified with groups and thus loose their individuality, as well as their personal moral stance. Over and over Jung decried the tendency for the psyche of the group—the collective psyche—to overwhelm or submerge the individual’s psyche, especially if the group is large. Jung felt that the larger the group, the more readily the individual would get lost in it,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and the lower the level of morality that would manifest. So Jung concluded that </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">…every man is, in a certain sense, unconsciously a worse man when he is in society than when acting alone; for he is carried by society and to that extent relieved of his individual responsibility.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" >[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung felt that, even when a large group was composed of “wholly admirable persons,” it would still have the “morality and intelligence of an unwieldy, stupid, and violent animal.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Clearly, Jung had little use for large groups!</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Not just large groups were at issue: Jung also recognized that the person undertaking the path of individuation would have to “differentiate”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> him/herself from smaller groups—the family, circles of friends, ethnic and other collectives.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> This is because individuation requires giving up <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">persona</i> stuff—the host of social expectations and inauthentic roles that the individual has acquired unconsciously over time.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Does this mean that Jung expected individuated people to live in some sort of social isolation? Not at all. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung on the Consequences of Individuation</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung recognized that human beings are social creatures and society is a “necessary condition”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> for us. Each of us is part of the whole web of life and the process of individuating makes one aware of this wholeness and the unity of all. The process also makes us aware of the unconscious, which—in Jung’s concept of the “collective unconscious”—is common to all humankind. The individuated person is “at-one-ment”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> with him/herself and also with humanity. Working toward individuation leads us to a deeper sense of connection with others and fosters a desire to serve others. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>But because the process of individuating entails being “born out” of identity with family, tribe, ethnic group etc.,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> the individuated person does not fall back into his or her original social network. Time and again as I work with students at the <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> I hear them note how they have found themselves creating new friendships and new social networks. Their old friends seem not to have similar interests or outlook. “As within, so without:”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> having changed inwardly, individuating people discover that outer life also changes, including their social contacts and friendships. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">The “Leading Minority” and the Need for Community</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>“Leading minority” was Jung’s term for those awake,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> those persons who had undertaken to look within and become conscious of the unconscious. Both then and now, there aren’t a lot of people who have done this. Western society, and especially American society with its strong ESTJ bias,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> is not inclined toward introspection or introversion. People stepping out of the mainstream to discover the unconscious and develop their individual uniqueness are few and far between, and they often wind up feeling “different” or isolated, until they link up with like-minded individuals. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Toni Wolff, Jung’s “friend and collaborator”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> saw this need to link up with other individuating people and got Jung to agree to the formation of the Psychology Club of Zurich. Funded with a gift of 360,000 Swiss francs from Edith Rockefeller McCormack in 1916,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> the Club provided Jung with the opportunity to do a “silent experiment”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> in group psychology. Jung also saw it as the antidote to the “onesidedness”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> of the analytic process. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung noted that “Human personality is certainly not individual only, it is also collective,…”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and we need contact with others. Years later, as Jung Institutes were created in various cities around the world, there has been the “spontaneous phenomenon”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> of similar clubs being formed by analysands and others interested in Jung and his ideas. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>One such club recently formed at The Jungian Center for the Spiritual Sciences. The shared experience of Jung and his deep effect on individuals committed to their growth has brought people together to share fun, fellowship (and food!), as well as stimulating intellectual exchange of Jung-related ideas. Such clubs become for their members what Edward Edinger called an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">ecclesia spiritualis,<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[23]</span></b></span></span></span></a></i> a spiritual gathering of those “called out” from the crowd. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>If you are reading this essay in some place far from <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Vermont</st1:place></st1:state>, and you need the fellowship of others on the path of individuation, here are some ways you might go about finding others who share your interests:</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">1. Google “Jung Institutes” and you will bring up over 1 million sites related to Jung, some of which will put you on to a locale near you. There are Jung Institutes (i.e. formal organizations of certified Jungian analysts who train therapists to be analysts) in <st1:city st="on">Boston</st1:city>, <st1:city st="on">Chicago</st1:city>, <st1:city st="on">Dallas</st1:city>, <st1:city st="on">Denver</st1:city>, <st1:city st="on">Los Angeles</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state>, <st1:city st="on">Philadelphia</st1:city>, <st1:city st="on">Pittsburgh</st1:city>, <st1:city st="on">San Francisco</st1:city>, <st1:city st="on">Santa Fe</st1:city> and <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>. Many, if not all of these institutes run programs for the public where you can make contacts and develop social networks. </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">In addition to these Institutes, there are dozens of less formal groups (i.e. not set up to train future analysts)—Jung Societies or Friends of Jung. A cursory scroll through the Google site revealed such groups in Atlanta, Austin, Charlotte, Claremont CA, Cleveland, Colorado Springs, Eugene OR, Fairfield County CT,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Houston, Montana, New Orleans, Port Townsend WA, San Antonio, San Diego, Santa Barbara, Seattle, St. Louis, St. Paul and Waco TX.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">2. If you don’t live near any of these cities/states, you might find like-minded people interested in Jung through “new age” bookstores, natural food markets, alternative healing centers and their bulletin boards. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The old adage “When the student is ready, the teacher appears.” applies here: when you are ready and aware of your need for the fellowship of others also on the path, such people <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">will</i> appear in your life. Just set the intention to find them, and you will.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Bibliography</span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Edinger, Edward (2009a), “Individual & Society,” in George Elder & Dianne Cordic, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">An American Jungian: In Honor of Edward F. Edinger</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Books.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (2009b), “Jung Distilled,” in George Elder & Dianne Cordic, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">An American Jungian: In Honor of Edward F. Edinger</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Books.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung Carl (1960), “The Psychogenesis of Mental Disease,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 3. <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1956) “Symbols of Transformation,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 5, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1966), “Two Essays on Analytical Psychology,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1959), ”The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9i. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1970), “Civilization in Transition,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1969), “Psychology and Religion: West and East,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW </i>11. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1954), “The Practice of Psychotherapy,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1976), ”The Symbolic Life,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Keirsey, David & Marilyn Bates (1984), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Please Understand <st1:state st="on">Me<span style="FONT-STYLE: normal">.</span></st1:state><span style="FONT-STYLE: normal"> <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">Del</st1:state></st1:place> Mar CA: Prometheus Nemesis Books.</span></i></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Shamdasani, Sonu, “Introduction,” in Carl Jung, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Red Book: Liber Novus</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state></st1:place>: W.W. Norton, 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Three Initiates (1912), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Kybalion</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Chicago</st1:city></st1:place>: Yogi Publication Society.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote-list"><br clear="all"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"><br /></span><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn1"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “Components of Individuation, Parts I-IV,” blog essays for November ’09, December ’09, January 2010 and February 2010. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edward Edinger (2009b), 95.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn3"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">World Book Encyclopedia Dictionary</i>, I, 1003.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn4"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung railed repeatedly about mass psychology; see, e.g. his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i> 3, 513; 5, 104; 9i, 225,228; 10, 448,453,457,460,477,536; 16, 4; 18, 369,1315,1351,1386. As has been the custom in previous of these blog essays, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i> is hereafter abbreviated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i>.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn5"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Posted to the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> blog site for July 2009; see the Center’s blog archive.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn6"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶ 240.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn7"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn8"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.,</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn9"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn10"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger (2009a), 199-200.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn11"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, ¶ 223.</span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn12"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶ 799,817-818.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn13"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger (2009a), 200.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn14"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> This is the Hermetic Law of Correspondence. For further explanation of this law, see Three Initiates (1912), 28-30, 113-135.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn15"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1393.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn16"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Seventy-five percent of Americans are Extraverts and Sensates; Keirsey & Bates (1984), 25. The “T” stands for a preference for Thinking, the “J,” a preference for Judging. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn17"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> These are the terms used in his “Introduction” to Wolff’s “Studies in Psychology,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶887. She was, in reality, far more than just his collaborator and friend: she was his mistress and muse. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn18"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Sonu Shamdasani, “Introduction,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Red Book: Liber Novus</i>, p. 205.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn19"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶887.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn20"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., ¶888. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn21"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn22"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger (2009a), 202.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn23"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 204.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;">- Sue Mehrtens</span></p></div></div>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-81490548346168522262010-08-08T10:08:00.000-07:002010-12-08T14:48:31.225-08:00Essays - Jung on Adult Education, or Why the Jungian Center?<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung on Adult Education, or Why the <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place>?</span></b></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“…when I speak of the goal which marks the end of the second half of life, you get an idea how far the treatment in the first half of life, and the second half of life must needs be different…. Therefore I strongly advocate schools for adult people…. for people who are 40, 45, about the second part of life….” </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">C.G. Jung, 1938</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“For a long time I have advocated schools for the adult…” </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">C.G. Jung, 1960</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>A series of dreams in July 2005 led to the creation of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> for the Spiritual Sciences. Dozens of dreams since then have supported it, added to its curriculum and widened its scope. I have always intuitively felt that Jung would approve of this endeavor but it is only recently, in reading Jung’s works to prepare a course on Jungian parenting that I came across his explicit statements—like those quoted above—in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>support of the Center’s type of educational organization.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>In this essay we will consider Jung’s thoughts and preferences about how education should be conducted, and the distinction between “instruction” and “education.” Then we will examine what Jung regarded as the two halves of life and their different concerns, followed by discussions of the tasks, components and goals of adult education in a Jungian framework, and what the consequences or results of such an education might be. Lastly, we’ll discuss some of the ways the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> serves the adult learner and his/her needs. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“Instruction,” “Education” and Jung’s Thoughts on the Proper Form of Education</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>It is common in American society to use “instruction” and “education” interchangeably to refer to what goes on in those buildings we identify as “schools.” But in etymology, practice and their image of the learner, the two terms could not be more different. “Instruction” comes from the Latin verb <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">instruere</i>, meaning “to pile on.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> When we “instruct” students we “pile on” them the facts, figures, techniques, and information that we feel they need to have to cope with the demands of modern life. This is essentially a one-way, teacher- or subject-centered process. It is, to some degree at least, unavoidable, since no one is born able to do sums, parse sentences, read, write, or find <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">France</st1:place></st1:country-region> on a map. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung recognized the necessity of instruction when he wrote that “youth… must find outside”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> those things it needs to acquire in order to function and flourish in contemporary society. While he admitted that modern life demanded some technical training (a trend that has intensified in a major way in the 50 years since his death), he preferred a school system oriented more to the historical and humanistic subjects, rather than the “scientific worldview, with its statistical truths….”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> In general, he was quite critical of most forms of education, because teachers lacked self-knowledge, the children sensed this and the result was that they came away from their studies lacking “a sense of authority, robbed of their individual nature and halted in the development of their personality.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> So, while Jung knew instruction had its place, he also knew it must not be the sole form of learning, and this is especially true for the adult learner. For adults—persons at or after mid-life—a much more suitable form of learning is education.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Our English word “education” derives from the Latin <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">exducere</i>, meaning “to draw forth.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> When we “educate” we draw out of the student what is within. This is a student-centered, dialectical process, requiring one-on-one dialog and interaction between student and teacher. It is student motivated and self-directed and reflects the shift in focus that Jung felt was a key feature of mid-life—a shift away from a preoccupation with outer reality toward a focus on one’s inner life. Jung described it in these words: “What youth found and must find outside, the man of life’s afternoon must find within himself.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> As a process of recognizing and then drawing forth that which is within, education can do this; instruction cannot. So when we speak of “adult education” we are speaking about education, rather than instruction.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">The Two Halves of Life and Their Different Concerns</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>As we noted above, Jung felt that people in the first half of life were concerned with externals: training for work and parenthood, making a living, raising a family, acquiring the material wherewithal that would support a decent life. Jung termed all these things of the “biological sphere.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>By contrast, Jung felt people in mid-life (c. age 40, usually timed when transiting Uranus comes to oppose one’s natal Uranus) and beyond were to shift their focus away from the biological to the “cultural sphere.” This shift came with a host of different concerns from earlier life: the biological instincts were subordinated to cultural goals; mental and emotional energies had to be expended to making a successful mid-life transition (a transition that is not always an easy passage);</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and the adult had to navigate a reorientation from regarding life as a series of ascents to recognizing the reality of descending and diminishing energies and capacities.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung recognized that a variety of questions commonly characterized the mid-life passage. These include such queries as: </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“Where am I standing today?”</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“Have my dreams come true?”</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“Have I fulfilled my expectations of a happy and successful life as I imagined them 20 years ago?”</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“Have I been … intelligent, reliable and enduring enough to seize my opportunities or to make the right choice at the crossroads and produce the proper answer to the problems which fate or fortune put before me?”</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“What is the chance that I shall fail again in fulfilling that which I obviously have been unable to accomplish in the first 40 years?”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[10]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Some people who spend their first 4 decades striving for material success find mid-life full of confusion, disillusionment or loss of meaning. They wonder “Is this all there is?” “With all that I’ve got, why don’t I feel satisfied?” “Why does my life feel so flat, blah, empty?” “Where’s the ‘juice,’ the excitement I used to feel?” “What’s it all mean?” Helping adult learners deal with questions like these is one of the tasks of adult education.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">The Tasks of Adult Education</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Providing venues within which adults can grapple with the common questions that arise at mid-life is just one of the tasks of adult education. Others include encouragement: Adults need to be encouraged to look within, so as to discover their true self and the Self (Jung’s term for the Divine within).</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> By looking within, the adult learner can see all that he or she is meant to be and what he or she is living from and living for. Adults also need to be encouraged to fantasize, since fantasy and imagination hold the germs of new goals and can open up new possibilities.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Adults need encouragement, also, to play with these new possibilities</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and a variety of forms of creativity that they may, in earlier life, have regarded as “frivolous” or “fun, but not a way to make money.” </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Support is another task of adult education. In Jung’s schema, adult education should support people in developing “new eyes which see them [i.e. new goals] and a new heart which desires them [new goals].”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Adults need support to gain “an ever-deepening self-knowledge,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and to live their unique life,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> independent of (and sometimes in direct contradiction to) a host of scripts and rules laid down by parents, teachers and other authority figures back in childhood. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Adult education has other tasks: To foster life renewal,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> to provide “spiritual nutrition”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and “spiritual guidance,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> and to provide companionship and a sense of belonging to a community of like-minded individuals in the face of the isolation that is an inevitable consequence of a person’s developing his/her personality.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Components of Adult Education</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung felt that adult education had to be individualized, indirect and self-directed.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> That is, it should avoid the collective form found in conventional public elementary, secondary and college settings.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> It should be “indirect” in that it would set out the range of learning opportunities but rest on the motivation of the adult learner to pick and choose what he or she feels drawn toward. And it was to be self-directed, self-paced and centered on the learner, rather than the teacher or the subject.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Student-centeredness is part of another component of adult education: participatory methodology. I have taken this term from Henryk Skolimowski, who used it in the context of scientific experimentation, to refer to a more subjective, personal involvement with the object of one’s research,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[24]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> à la scientists like Barbara McClintock, who won the Nobel Prize in 1983 for her research on corn genes that she conducted by having “a feeling for the organism.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[25]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Like Skolimowski, Jung would challenge the objectivist viewpoint of modern science in his insistence that analysts, and teachers, recognize their basic identity with the client or student.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[26]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> We are all “in the soup together,” jointly learning, sharing and growing. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Independent thinking is another component of adult education. Unlike children, adults can and must think for themselves. By mid-life, Jung felt adults should have developed inner loci of control and authority, and should have acquired a capacity for critical thinking and the ability to discern what is appropriate for themselves.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Jung was adamant that an adult learner must listen to his or her own nature.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[28]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> This is possible due to another key component of adult education: attention to the inner life.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Adult learning, in a Jungian model, must include the unconscious. Jung was explicit about this.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[29]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> How was this to be done? Jung felt one of the best methods was through the study of one’s dreams. Jung was convinced that people can be taught to work with their dreams, that one need not become a professional, certified Jungian analyst to be able to figure out the meaning of dreams.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[30]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Our dream classes at the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> bear this out: our students learn the language of the soul, learn how to decipher their dreams. You too can come to know the truth about yourself through study of your dreams. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Goals of Adult Education</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Why undertake adult education? Some people get into it out of desperation, when their mid-life passage has become so fraught with confusion and disorientation that the need for greater self-awareness cannot be gainsaid.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[31]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Others have an easier time making the transition into mid-life. For them the goal might be to educate the personality so as to produce “a well-rounded psychic whole that is capable of resistance and abounding in energy.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[32]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung recognized that adult education could also satisfy the “eternal child within” all of us, that part of us “that is always becoming, is never completed, and calls for unceasing care, attention and education…”.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> If properly crafted and presented, adult education also allows the inner child to play, re-create, relax and let go, perhaps in ways the adult has never felt able to do before in his or her life. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>A fourth goal for adult learning is to create that self-knowledge that permits a person to “walk his talk” and move into his authentic being, with true authority. Such a process produces a “fuller consciousness.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[34]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>A final goal is spiritual. Jung described this goal as “conveying the archetype of the God-image, or its emanations and effects to the conscious mind,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[35]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> thus helping to root the adult learner in a larger spiritual matrix. This process brings a greater sense of meaning, purpose and direction to life. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Consequences of Adult Education in the Jungian Framework</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>What results when adults undertake Jungian-oriented education? As noted above, one result is self-knowledge:</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[36]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> awareness of one’s shadow side, persona, animus/anima, and the Self, along with the recognition of one’s creative inner daimon, and an understanding of what has purchase on one’s soul. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Another consequence is the ability to live authentically.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[37]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Actions align with rhetoric, and the individual radiates a genuineness that others find compelling, attractive and inspiring. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>As the adult learner wises up to his/her inner “tapes” and scripts and sets aside those that are inappropriate, he or she moves more deeply into his/her authority.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[38]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> True authority flows from an inner awareness of the ego-Self relation and from the alignment of the ego will with the intentions of the Self. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>All the above are positive results. There is another, mentioned earlier, which is not so positive: isolation.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[39]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Jung recognized that only a “leading minority”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[40]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> are likely to achieve self-knowledge. Lots of adults take classes; few undertake the soul journey that leads to deep transformation. Given the materialism and unconsciousness of modern culture (especially in the United States)—two features of modern reality that have only gotten worse in the 5 decades since Jung died—few people will understand or appreciate those who take up Jung’s path of adult education. Those who do take this path face the fate of being isolated, acutely aware of the gulf that separates them from family, friends and associates. As was noted in an earlier essay on this blog site,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[41]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> this is one reason why educational organizations like the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> are so essential: so the “awake” few have a place to go to find others who understand and share their interests, focus, awareness and concerns.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">How the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> Serves the Adult Learner</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Providing social opportunities through classes, workshops, and the Psychology Club is just one way the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> serves adult learners. Another way is through the variety of classes that encourage and require introspection, e.g. Introduction to Dream Work, Jungian Dream Theory, Shadow Work, Meeting Your Inner Partner, Finding Your Mission in Life, The Path of Individuation, Developing Your Intuition, Developing Spiritual Literacy, and The Creation of Consciousness.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[42]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The Center also supports personal growth through independent studies, in a one-on-one format with a faculty member, tailored to individual interests and needs. Such independent studies can be taken on-site or via our Distance Learning option, which brings most of our courses to the far-off adult learner in an individualized format. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Finally, the Center is responsive to our students who have suggested many of the courses now being taught. Their needs and interests are now driving the curriculum, as we strive to measure up to Jung’s vision of a school of Self-directed study.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Bibliography</span></b></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Brewi, Janice & Anne Brennan (1988), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Celebrate Mid-Life: Jungian Archetypes and Mid-Life Spirituality</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state></st1:place>: Crossroad Press.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Hollis, James (1993), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Middle Passage: From Misery to Meaning in Midlife</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Books</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1996), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Swamplands of the Soul: New Life in Dismal Places</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Books</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung, C.G. (1977), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">C.G. Jung Speaking: Interviews and Encounters</i>, ed. William McGuire & R.F.C. Hull. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1966), “Two Essays on Analytical Psychology,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1960), ”The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1970), “Civilization in Transition,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1953), “Psychology and Alchemy,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1954), “The Practice of Psychotherapy,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1954), “The Development of Personality,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1976), ”The Symbolic Life,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Keller, Evelyn Fox (1983), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">A Feeling for the Organism: The Life and Work of Barbara McClintock</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state></st1:place>: W.H. Freeman.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Prétat, Jane (1994), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Coming to Age: The Croning Years and Late-Life Transformation</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Books</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Qualls-Corbet, Nancy (1988), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Sacred Prostitute: Eternal Aspect of the Feminine</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Books</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Sharp, Daryl (1988), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Survival Papers: Anatomy of the Midlife Crisis</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Books</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1989), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Dear Gladys: The Survival Papers, Book 2.</i> <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Books</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1992), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Getting to Know You: The Inside Out of Relationship</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Books</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Skolimowski, Henryk (1996), “The Methodology of Participation,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Revisioning Science</i>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Essays Toward a New Knowledge Base for Our Culture</i>, ed. S. Mehrtens. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Waterbury</st1:city> <st1:state st="on">VT</st1:state></st1:place>: The Potlatch Press. </span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Stein, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Murray</st1:city></st1:place> (1983), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">In Midlife: A Jungian Perspective</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Dallas</st1:city> <st1:state st="on">TX</st1:state></st1:place>: Spring Publications.</span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote-list"><br clear="all"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><br /><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"><br /><br /></span><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn1"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">World Book Encyclopedia Dictionary</i>, I, 1021.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn2"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i> 7, ¶114. As has been the convention throughout these blog essays, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i> will hereafter be abbreviated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i>. </span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn3"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶523.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn4"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶897. </span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn5"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">World Book Encyclopedia Dictionary</i> I, 626.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn6"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶114.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn7"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶113.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn8"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> For in-depth treatment of the mid-life passage in a Jungian context, see Brewi & Brennan (1988), Hollis (1993), Hollis (1996), Prétat (1994), Qualls-Corbet (1988), Sharp (1988), Sharp (1989), Sharp (1992) and Stein (1983). </span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn9"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶114; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶113.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn10"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;">This quote is from an interview Jung gave to English journalist Gordon Young in 1960; see Jung (1977), 445-6. </span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn11"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 448.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn12"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 446-7.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn13"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn14"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn15"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 447.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn16"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 448.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn17"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 446.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn18"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 448.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn19"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶1045.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn20"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶294.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn21"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, ¶174; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶109.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn22"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung recognized that “Collective education is indeed a necessity and cannot be replaced by anything else.” (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶256), but adult education should not be founded on the collective model, but on that of analytical psychology (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, ¶174).</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn23"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> As analytical psychology is client-centered.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn24"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[24]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Skolimowski (1996), 160-9.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn25"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[25]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> This is the title of Evelyn Fox Keller’s biography of McClintock, which offers a very readable account of the opprobrium and isolation McClintock experienced from the mainstream scientific community for years before her work was recognized.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn26"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[26]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, ¶2.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn27"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶109-110.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn28"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[28]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶125.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn29"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[29]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶113.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn30"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[30]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶125.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn31"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[31]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung recognized that not everyone survives the mid-life crisis; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 8, ¶113.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn32"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[32]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶286.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn33"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn34"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[34]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1386-7.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn35"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[35]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶14.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn36"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[36]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶896.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn37"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[37]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn38"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[38]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn39"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[39]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 17, ¶294.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn40"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[40]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 18, ¶1393.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn41"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[41]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> See “Jung and the Social Implications of Individuation” for a fuller treatment of the phenomenon of isolation.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn42"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[42]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> New classes are created all the time, in part from dreams I am given, in part from students’ suggestions. If you have an idea for a course, let us know: send us an email to <a href="mailto:info@jungiancenter.org">info@jungiancenter.org</a>.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;">- Sue Mehrtens</span></p></div></div>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-63153212801123773112010-08-08T09:56:00.000-07:002010-12-08T14:49:19.154-08:00News From...The Assisi Institute<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" >The Assisi Institute Fall 2010 Program </span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" ><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" ><o:p></o:p></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" >Program</span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" ></span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" >ARCHETYPAL DEVELOPMENT APPROACH <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" >Dates<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" >September 23 to 26<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" >Location<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" >Brattleboro, VT<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" >Module Fee<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" >$495.00<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" >For more information and to register<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;" >802-258-6220 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>ort <a href="mailto:assisi@together.net"><span style="color:windowtext;">assisi@together.net</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14;color:#06082c;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#06082c;" ><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"></span></p>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-23605745274502700362010-06-03T13:46:00.003-07:002010-06-04T07:20:35.746-07:00Notes From The EditorDear Friends of The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont,<br /><br />The summer season is starting out as a busy one in the Jungian World with the upcoming International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP) conference taking place in Montreal in a couple of months and, here in Vermont this month, with presentations by Erica Lorentz this weekend at The Jungian Center and program offerings by Michael Conforti of the Assisi Institute. Both Ms. Lorentz and Dr. Conforti are prominent Jungian Analysts and each will present on different aspects of psyche and the imaginal world - Erica via her specialty in working with the somatic psyche or embodied psyche through movement, and Michael with a teleseminar series on Jung's Red Book. For more information on these presentations go to <em>News From... The Jungian Center </em>(Lorentz) and <em>News From... The Assisi Institute </em>(Conforti).<br /><br />Speaking of presentations, Chessie Stevenson, a Jungian Analyst practicing out of Waitsfield and, I am delighted to say, a board member of the society, presented on Jung's Red Book this past April at the Kellogg-Hubbard Library in Montpelier. Ms. Stevenson's lecture, accompanied by a slide show of many of Jung's Red Book illuminations, was a sheer delight. Witty and informative, she swept her audience along as she journeyed us through the history leading up to Jung's many year creation of what is commonly referred to as The Red Book due to its red cover. The time constraint of the library's approaching closing hour made for a too-brief discussion period, but those of us who lingered for refreshments afterward continued the conversation Chessie had begun. Much will be mined over the coming years from this important document-Jung's intimate testament of faith in the reality of psyche-and I suspect that Chessie's lecture has helped many of us crack the cover on this amazing and deep work. A special thanks to Rachel Senechal, Program Coordinator at the Kellogg-Hubbard Library, who helped to make this a great evening.<br /><br />Our feature article in this edition <em>of Jung in </em>Vermont is Sue Mehrten's essay accessed in the the <em>Essays</em> section entitled <em>Jung and Buridan's Ass: A Jungian Approach to Choosing</em>. Thoughts, comments about it? Let us know by clicking the commentary box following the essay.<br /><br />The society is giving a garden party at Chessie Stevenson's home at the end of June and you are invited. Those of you who currently receive our email notices have received your invitation by now. If you haven't received an email invitation and would like to join us at this garden social, sign onto our mailing list and we'll email you an invitation. Go to <a href="http://junginvermont.org/">http://JunginVermont.org/</a> and click on the <em>Join our email list</em> link. It only takes a few minutes and, once you're on the society email list, you'll receive notices of Jungian events in Vermont (and beyond). P.S. you can always unsubscribe.<br /><br />Before closing out this June issue of the e-journal, I want to note that there was no May issue, my apologies - the student hat that I wear took precedence over my editor's hat.<br /><br />Best regards,<br />Stephanie Buck, ed., <em>Jung in Vermont</em><br /><a href="mailto:JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net">JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net</a><br />802-860-4921The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-78215606011486811452010-06-03T13:46:00.001-07:002010-12-08T14:49:40.184-08:00Essays - Jung and Buridan's Ass: A Jungian Approach to Choosing<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Those readers of this blog who are on the mailing list of The Jungian Center</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> were informed of the voiceover dream I had on September 22, 2009. The voice said:</span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">October 2010 will be an especially important month, when key choices are made that lay down energy patterns the consequences of which we will reap in the next 2 years.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Given my 26+ year track record with such dreams, I always take them seriously. So very shortly I found myself researching what Jung might have said about choice and choosing. Did he leave us any advice about how to make good choices? And what might constitute a “good” choice, to Jung?</span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>My research revealed that Jung never wrote an essay directly on this topic. There are only references scattered throughout his voluminous writing on the subject. But these references allow us to answer the questions above. Before doing so, let’s address the title: What was “Buridan’s ass” and how does it relate to choosing?</span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Buridan’s Ass</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung was very learned and well-read and, as such, was familiar with the paradox in philosophy that goes back well into antiquity, to the time of Aristotle, which was discussed centuries later by the 14<sup>th</sup> century French philosopher, Jean Buridan.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Buridan satirized this paradox, in which a man (in Aristotle) or an ass (in later versions) is positioned exactly between two necessities, food and drink (in Aristotle), two bales of hay (in later versions). Buridan felt that if one got stuck pondering the possible outcomes, one could starve. That is, one’s will could so delay making a choice that, in the extreme, one could die before the choice was made. Jung mentions Buridan’s ass three times in his writings,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> in contexts that give us insights into his views on choosing. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Jung on Choosing</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">As Jung saw the paradox of Buridan’s ass, the problem was due either to the ass not being hungry so he didn’t take the problem seriously, or<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>to the creature’s externalizing the task. When we externalize a decision we look to the object to make the choice. Jung recognized that good choices—choices that are aligned with our true being—require us to look within, to the depths of our nature and then, to ask ourselves what we feel drawn toward. We must ask ourselves “What is the natural urge of life, at this moment, for me?”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>While for most of us the situation of Buridan’s ass may seem extreme, Jung’s identification of the core issue is right on the mark: When people (especially those who are strong Perceivers) have trouble coming to closure, they do just what Jung described. They look to others or turn over the decision-making to others.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Or they leave the decision up to life, Fate, Destiny. Jung regarded this tactic as abdicating responsibility for one’s own life and forfeit the opportunity to learn, grow and live more authentically. So one key component of good choices, for Jung, is looking within and being aware of what we are naturally drawn toward.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung also recognized that our sense of “free will”—being able to choose freely—is, to a degree, an illusion. The possible range of choices we face when making a decision is dependent upon (and limited by) the amount of libido (psychic energy) disposable by the ego.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> The Self is really in charge of our lives, a fact most of us usually forget or prefer to ignore. The ego does not like to face its inferiority. It wants to think it is running the show. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The reality of the ego’s dependence on the Self is usually brought home to us only after years of inner work in which the ego experiences the “defeat” that comes with its experience of the Self.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> This repeated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">fixatio</i> experience is never pleasant,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> but eventually it fosters the ego relinquishing its desire for control. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Free choice Jung defined as a “subjective feeling of freedom,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> which is not totally free. Our will comes up constantly against the limits of the outside world and also comes into “conflict with the facts of the self.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> As the Self acts on the ego it circumscribes our will. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Then there are the inevitable times in life when we experience what Jung calls “conflicts of duty.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> These are those situations where we face a choice between two evils or two unpalatable options. In such times Jung saw 3 possible courses of action:</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">We might look to some outside authority, thus externalizing our locus of authority, something Jung never encouraged.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">We might look to an “act of God,” in the form of a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">fait accompli</i>, which Jung felt most people regard as the will of God.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> An example here is that of a woman unable to decide whether to have a child, so she stops using birth control, thinking that if she gets pregnant it will be the will of God.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Neither of these did Jung see as desirable. Rather he suggested that we view such situations as opportunities to discover the power inherent in “holding the tension of opposites” and wait for the resolution of the conflict in the form of the emergence of the “transcendent function.” This is not something the ego figures out; it is done by the Self.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> So this waiting and holding at various (difficult) times of life provide us with opportunities to experience the Self. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Such times also provide the opportunity for us to recognize our “two-ness,”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> i.e. how we contain both good and evil, different, often opposite impulses or inclinations, as <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:city st="on">Saint Paul</st1:city> lamented in his letter to the church in <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Rome</st1:city></st1:place>.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> If we can hold the tension of the “two-ness” Jung felt we would achieve a new attitude.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung reminds us that the major problems in life—those times when we face major decisions—are never things we <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">solve</i>. Solutions are the purview of the ego. The ego is way out of its depths here. Such problems are only <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">outgrown</i>.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> When we wait, holding the tension of opposites, the Self provides a resolution, with the appearance of the reconciling third thing, and this results in a whole new attitude, new perspective, new outlook—in short, in our growth. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Jung also provides us with insights on the subject of choosing in his concept of psychological types. In an earlier essay</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> we discussed the types. For our purposes here two components of type theory are relevant: Intuition and Perception. The MBTI and SLIP,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> the two major “tests” of type, seek to identify a person’s innate preferences. Those with a strong preference for Intuition (N) are oriented more to the future than to the past, see future possibilities and potentials, and take in information irrationally, without the involvement of the linear, left-brain rational mind.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Those with a strong preference for P tend to resist closure, to be disorganized and to prefer to continue to glean perceptions and information.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The person strong in both Intuition and Perceiving tends to have the hardest time with choosing because neither intuition or perceiving provides a base for making a choice. Intuition is irrational; perception does not determine either values (Feeling) or logical facts (Thinking)—the two bases on which we make choices.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Type specialists will assure us that no one is an “NP” as a type, that there is always either T or F related here. But in my experience, even when the T/F preference is present, the person with strong inclinations toward N and P can be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">very</i> indecisive.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Finally Jung offers us insights about choosing in his discussion of archetypes, in particular the archetype of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">puer</i>. The word is Latin for “child,” and so is an archetype we all have experienced in our youth. But some people never develop the opposite archetype, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">senex</i>, sufficiently to balance the qualities of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">puer</i>. Such people live what Jung called “the provisional life”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">—a life without commitment, a life always containing the opportunity to make an escape, a fantasy life, the life of the child. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Pueri</i> seek to keep their options open. They live spontaneously, relishing fun and excitement.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> As such they make stimulating friends, but very poor marriage material (although this doesn’t stop some women—especially Kores and Mother types</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">—from finding them irresistibly alluring). Unless the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">puer</i> grows up, i.e. integrates the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">senex</i> that lies in the unconscious, he will never become either fond of, or good at choosing. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Why does this matter?</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Making good choices is a serious issue now. We as a society are living in a time when we face critical choices. I think my dream of last September was meant to get us to realize this fact. We have to choose on so many fronts, e.g.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">how to be responsible with our resources (on both the individual and collective levels)</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">how to handle the problems in our economy</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">how best to protect the environment</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">how best to respond to the reality of terrorism and other challenges we face</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">how much, or if, to participate in the public discussion of contemporary issues</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">how best to teach our children sound values</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">how to choose among the candidates in the coming mid-term elections</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>We need to be good choosers, so as to make choices that are wise, born from our individual truth, consonant with the guidance of the Self. Jung offers us a wealth of advice on how to do this. He reminds us that </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“Who looks outside, dreams. Who looks inside, awakes.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">We need to be awake, and aware of who we are, what we value, what the Self is asking of us, and Jung’s perspective is an invaluable aid in good choosing. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Bibliography</span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Bolen, Jean Shinoda (1984), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Goddesses in Everywoman</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">San Francisco</st1:city></st1:place>: Harper & Row.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Edinger, Edward (1996), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Aion Lectures: Exploring the Self in C.G. Jung’s </i>Aion. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Giannini, John (2004), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Compass of the Soul: Archetypal Guides to a Fuller Life.</i> <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Gainesville</st1:city> <st1:state st="on">FL</st1:state></st1:place>: Center for the Application of Psychological Type.<span style="font-size:12;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Carl Jung (1961), “Freud and Psychoanalysis,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 4. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1966), “Two Essays on Analytical Psychology,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1959), “Aion,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 9ii. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1970), “Civilization in Transition,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1969), “Psychology and Religion: West and East,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW </i>11. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1963), “Mysterium Coniunctionis,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 14. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1954), “The Practice of Psychotherapy,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">________ (1973), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, ed. Gerhard Adler & Aniela Jaffé. 2 vols. Princeton: <st1:place st="on">Princeton</st1:place> University Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Keirsey, David & Marilyn Bates (1984), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Please Understand <st1:state st="on">Me<span style="FONT-STYLE: normal">.</span></st1:state><span style="FONT-STYLE: normal"> <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">Del</st1:state></st1:place> Mar CA: Prometheus Nemesis Books.</span></i></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Kroeger, Otto & Janet Thuesen (1988), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Type Talk</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state></st1:place>: Dell.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Myers, Isabel Briggs with Peter Myers (1980), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Gifts Differing</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Palo Alto</st1:city> <st1:state st="on">CA</st1:state></st1:place>: Consulting Psychologists Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Sharp, Daryl (1998), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Jungian Psychology Unplugged: My Life as an Elephant</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Wikipedia, “Buridan’s Ass;” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buridan’s­_ass</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Woodman, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Marion</st1:city></st1:place> (1985), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Pregnant Virgin: A Process of Psychological Transformation</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Press.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote-list"><br clear="all"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"><br /></span><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn1"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> If you are not on our mailing list and want to be, go to the home page of our Web site, </span><a href="http://www.jungiancenter.org/"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000ff;">www.jungiancenter.org</span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> and click on the box on the left that will send you to a form to fill in with your e-mail address. We send out a monthly newsletter as well as a list of upcoming courses in August, December and March of each year. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Wikipedia; the URL is: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buridan’s_ass</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn3"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i> 7, ¶487; and 11, ¶709 and 855. As has been the convention throughout these blog essays, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i> will hereafter be abbreviated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i>. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn4"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶709, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶487-488.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn5"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> My most extreme personal experience of this involved two women I knew when I lived in <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">California</st1:state></st1:place>. They were both very strong Perceivers who never went out to eat or to the movies. When I inquired why, they said it was because they could never decide where to go: the act of choosing was so paralyzing to them that they avoided it entirely! They were quite delighted to leave the choosing of restaurants and movies to me, i.e. they externalized the process. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn6"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger (1996), 24.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn7"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “… the experience of the self is always a defeat for the ego.” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 14, ¶778.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn8"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">fixatio</i> is the crucifixion experience that is commonly found in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">nigredo</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">albedo</i> phases of the alchemical transformation process, when we are pulled in multiple, opposite directions at once—something akin to being “drawn and quartered.”</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn9"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 9ii, ¶9.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn10"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn11"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger (1996), 41.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn12"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn13"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> I encountered just this situation years ago, with a woman who was a strong Perceptive type. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn14"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Sharp (1998), 51; cf. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 14, ¶705.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn15"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger (1996), 162-3.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn16"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Romans 7:17-20.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn17"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 4, ¶606.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn18"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 13, ¶18.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn19"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “<st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">America</st1:country-region></st1:place>’s Shadow,” posted in May 2009.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn20"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> MBTI is the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory; SLIP is the Singer-Loomis Inventory of Personality, two of the most commonly used instruments to assess type preferences. For further information on these instruments, see Keirsey & Bates (1984), Kroeger & Thuesen (1988), Myers & Myers (1980), and Giannini (2004).</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn21"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Keirsey & Bates (1984), 16-19.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn22"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 22-26.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn23"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Woodman (1985), 78.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn24"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> As in my experience with the two Perceptive women in <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">California</st1:place></st1:state>, noted above. I also see indecisiveness in some potential teachers at The Jungian Center, “potential” because their extreme Intuition and Perception make it impossible for them to come to closure, meet the advertising deadlines of the local newspapers, and work within organized schedules. </span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn25"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, ¶336; cf. Sharp (1998), 57.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn26"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Sharp (1998), 56.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn27"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Bolen (1984), 209-210.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn28"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3507854116233804879&postID=7821560601148681145#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" ><span style="color:#0000ff;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung, “Letter to Fanny Bowditch,” 22 October 1916, in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, I, 33.</span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;">- Submitted by Sue Mehrtens</span></p></div></div>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-20900517718090157762010-06-03T13:45:00.002-07:002010-12-08T14:49:56.715-08:00News From...The Assisi Institute<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:14;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Upcoming Programs from the Assisi Institute<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 27pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Four Week Teleseminar on Jung’s Redbook June 16-July 7</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 9pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in -35.5pt 0pt 9pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">2.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Annual <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Italy</st1:country-region></st1:place> Conference entitled; “Self in Exile-Psyche, Healing and Sense of Place</span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 9pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Located on the <st1:placetype st="on">Island</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Procida</st1:placename>, in the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Bay</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Naples</st1:placename></st1:place> July <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>20-27, 2010</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 9pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">3. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Summer Intensive, Fields, Patterns and the Objective Psyche, August 19-22, 2010<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Brattleboro</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">VT</st1:state></st1:place>, Special Guest Speaker,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Dr. Edgar Mitchell,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Apollo 14<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Astronaut,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 9pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">(continuing education credits available for all events)</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><h1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><span style="color:red;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Jung’s Redbook:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Profound encounters with the Self<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h1><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:14;">A 4-week teleconference led by Michael Conforti<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">The Redbook has created a renewed passion for Jungian thought, bringing together artists, scientists, analysts and laypersons from around the world, who appreciate the beauty and profundity of Jung’s paintings, writings and respect for the unconscious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It was his inner need to represent and bring to consciousness, those autonomous entities within the creative unconscious that led him to paint, and create a relationship to the Self, which has drawn us to this work, and to the realm of the transcendent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>In this series Dr. Conforti will discuss the archetypal underpinnings of the images and ideas in The Redbook, and discuss their relevance for our own personal journey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="font-size:12;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Dates for the Seminars;<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Wednesdays,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">June 16,23,30, and July 7, 2010 <o:p></o:p></b></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Time: 8:00 – 9:30 p.m.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Fee: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>$30/seminar,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>$100, for the entire series</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">*<span style="font-size:12;"> As the readings will be sent out prior to each meeting, it is not necessary that participants own a copy of the Redbook.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>However, copies of the Redbook can be purchased at a discount through the Assisi Office.</span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-31085279538079796882010-06-03T13:45:00.001-07:002010-12-08T14:50:19.056-08:00News From...The Jungian Center<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" >The Jungian Center <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" >55 Clover Lane, Waterbury, VT<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;font-size:11;" >Announces <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;font-size:11;" >Two Presentations by Erica Lorentz, Jungian Analyst<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;font-size:11;" ><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;font-size:11;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;font-size:11;" ><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>A Friday evening lecture on June 4<sup>: </sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Jung, Spirituality and the Body<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;font-size:11;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;font-size:11;" >A Weekend Workshop on June 5<sup>th</sup> & 6<sup>th</sup>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Listening to Our Inner Stories:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Active Imagination<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;font-size:11;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;font-size:11;" >For more information and to register, call Sue (802) 244-7909. <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;font-size:11;" ><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;color:#0070c0;" >JUNG, SPIRITUALITY AND THE BODY<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;color:#0070c0;" >Friday, June 4th, 7-9PM; $20<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" >This Friday evening lecture discusses the importance of witnessing and containing archetypal energies when they become embodied and emerge in our lives. Led by Erica Lorentz, Jungian analyst and teacher. The individuation process asks us to return to our personal unconscious and our archetypal roots. While we might be familiar with personal unconscious work, Jung pushes deeper and invites us to honor and understand archetypal forces the emerge into the body and consciousness. Archetypal experiences are often pathologized, though they have been experienced, observed and discussed since the beginning of human history. How can we have a creative relationship with them? Film clips and case material will illustrate Jung's concepts. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;color:#00b050;" >LISTENING TO OUR INNER STORIES: ACTIVE IMAGINATION<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;color:#00b050;" >Saturday June 5<sup>th</sup>, 9 AM-5 PM<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;color:#00b050;" >&<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;color:#00b050;" ><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Sunday, June 6th, 9AM-3PM<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" >Workshop Fee:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>$100<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" >In this introduction to Jung's method of active imagination, we gently invite a dialog between our conscious aware self and some part of our unconscious psyche, using a non-structured, meditative exploration with drawing, writing and movement. Led by Erica Lorentz, Jungian analyst and teacher. Experience active imagination, Jung's method of attending to the unconscious (as recorded in the Red Book). In active imagination, our conscious aware self invites a meaningful dialog with some part of our unconscious psyche. This dialog can take place through any expressive medium. In this workshop we will gently invite this dialog using a non-structured, meditative exploration with drawing, writing and movement. No experience is necessary: curiosity and a desire to attune to one's inner world is all that is important. When we allow the unconscious to speak in this manner, our soul story can begin to be heard. Insight into our psychology and spiritual path naturally emerges without interpretation. When we share together, each participant's experience will be treated with respect and not interpreted. Thus together we learn to honor our own and other's unique personal and spiritual paths.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" >Erica Lorentz, Med, LPC</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Verdana', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-: EN-USfont-family:Verdana;" >, Jungian analyst has 30 years of clinical experience and is a training analyst with the Inter-Regional Society of Jungian Analysts. In the 1980’s she was an adjunct faculty member at Antioch New England. She has lectured and taught workshops throughout the U.S. and Canada. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></span></o:p></p>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-5867175690693498622010-04-06T10:32:00.001-07:002010-04-09T21:35:09.990-07:00Notes From The EditorDear Friends of The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont,<br /><br /><div align="justify">We begin this issue of <em>Jung in Vermont</em> with Luanne Sberna's clinical paper<em>, Psychological Type and Archetype</em>, presented this past March 28th at the Fletcher Free Library in Burlington. Luanne's presentation was both scholarly and accessible, and was well-received by the twenty or so people attending. I am delighted to say that many of you at this event are becoming familiar to me because of your attendance at society events and I hope to get to know you by name as well as by face as I see you at future events. Keeping this in mind, the next society event happens on April 14th when Chessie Stevenson, a Jungian Analyst with a practice in Waitsfield, presents on Jung's <em>Red Book </em>at Montpelier's Kellog-Hubbard Library - check the <em>This Month </em>section for more information. </div><p align="justify">We follow Luanne's clinical paper with an essay by Sue Mehrtens entitled Jung and the "New Dispensation" which focuses on Jung's understanding of religion as distinct from that of the collective. Please note: we continue to experience editing issues in moving submitted material onto the blog site - you will notice spacing issues in Sue's essay and we apologize for this.</p><p align="justify">Next we have news of upcoming events from a number of psychological groups, two in Vermont and one in Massachusetts, that will be of interest to both practitioners and non-practitioners alike. These organizations are: the <em>Vermont Association of Psychoanaltic Studies (VAPS), Vermont Associaiton for Psychological Type (VAPT),</em> and the <em>New England Society of Jungian Analysts (NESJA). </em>Go to the <em>News From... </em>sections for dates and topics, etc.</p><p align="justify">We hope to see you at Chessie's presentation on the <em>Red Book </em>on April 14th and we'll keep you posted about the <em>Friends of The C.G. Jung Society </em>Reception on June 26th in Waitsfield. </p><p align="justify">As always, we'd love to hear from you so let us know what types of events and activities you'd like the society to include in our fall program. Members are invited to submit Jungian and Jungian-related work for publication consideration.</p><p align="justify">Best regards,</p>Stephanie Buck, Editor<br /><br /><a href="mailto:JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net">JunginVermont@Burlingtontelecom.net</a><br /><br />802-860-4921The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-54020752920525168022010-04-06T08:56:00.000-07:002010-12-08T14:50:41.745-08:00Clinical Perspectives - Psychological Type and Archetype<div class="Section1"><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">This presentation was given by Luanne Sberna, M.A., on March 28, 2010, in the Community Room of the Fletcher Free Library, Burlington, Vermont.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> M</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">s. Sberna has studied psychological type and applied it in her work as a psychotherapist and educator for over 20 years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>She is a Myers Briggs Type Indicator Master Practitioner and also specializes in Dance-Movement Therapy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>She is the president of The C.G. Jung Society of Vermont. <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"></span></o:p></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"></i></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">(Editor’s note:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Ms. Sberna’s power point slides would not upload to the e-journal so, unfortunately, we are not able to include her presentation diagrams here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For those interested in obtaining the power point slides, please contact Luanne at </span></i><a href="mailto:JunginVermont2@Burlingtontelecom.net"><span style="font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;color:#0000ff;">JunginVermont2@Burlingtontelecom.net</span></a><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;font-size:130%;"><strong>Psychological Type and Archetype</strong></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Many people today are familiar with Psychological Type due to the popularity of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This presentation<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>returns to Typology’s<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>roots as one of C. G. Jung’s principal theoretical concepts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As this is a broad topic, it will be impossible to include everything that has been published about the subject.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>What will be addressed is an overview of Jung’s formulation of Type Theory and its relationship to archetype. This will be followed by a brief review of: the two typological attitudes of Extraversion and Introversion, the four functions-- Intuition, Sensing, Feeling and Thinking-- and type development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This will lead to a foray into the shadowy aspects of type, usually represented by the inferior function.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Finally, the interface of the personal and the cultural with the archetypal aspects of Psychological Type will be addressed. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">In 1921<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Carl Jung published <i>Psychological Types</i>, which was the fruit of many years of clinical practice, study, observation and incubation of his ideas on the process of Individuation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Eight years earlier Jung’s views on the attitudes of extraversion and introversion had actually contributed to his split with Freud, who did not agree with Jung’s ideas and wanted Jung to adhere to his own theories of the psyche.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>However, this was not possible, as Jung knew he had to follow his own “vision of a transpersonal inner authority.” (Giannini, p. 30).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Following their split, Jung entered what we would probably call a mid-life crisis today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>During this period of creative introversion, he was able, according to John Giannini author of <i>Compass of the Soul</i>, to discover <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">his native typology as an introverted intuitive; in the past he had considered himself an introverted thinking type, evidence that he himself had been caught in a typological complex...his true intuitive type sat in a secondary and despised place in his intuitive thinking (NT) coupling and haunted him as a semi-unconscious complex representing not his inferior orientation, but his natural possibilities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>During this time [1912-1916], he finally followed his intuitive capacities and let himself fall into the frightening imagery and emotions of his psychic depth (Giannini, p. 30).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Jung was becoming aware of many types of psychic opposites including the attitudes and functions of type, and said he had “arrived at the central concept of...[his] psychology: <i>the process of individuation.” (Jung, cited in Giannini, p. 30).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></i>According to Giannini, “Typology must be understood as part of this dynamic process of the Soul in the context of Jung’s theory of psychic energy.” (Giannini, pp. 30-31) From the start, Jung acknowledged the archetypal nature of the aspects of type, often referring to myth and literature to demonstrate their timeless nature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For example, he compared the extraverted, sensing and feeling qualities of Dionysian expression to the introverted, intuitive and thinking qualities of Apollo (Jung, 1971, pp. 144-45).<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Jung did not intend that typology be used to pigeonhole human beings, nor did he intend that it be considered purely a conscious psychology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In other words, the aspects of type are “half conscious and half unconscious.” (Giannini, p. 33)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Jung began to use type mandalas or “compasses” to clarify this (Figure 2).<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Giannini says that: J<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">ung assumes that our psychological type is both inherited and innately rooted in archetypes; hence we must pay attention to an inner knowing and wisdom from the unconscious if we are to individuate, that is, actualize our inborn potential.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>If we ignore the Soul’s purposeful dynamism and function by embracing another type and not our native one, we inwardly constellate a negative complex that can be destructive to both mind and body, to inner relations as well as outer social relationships, as Jung himself learned (Giannini, p. 34).<o:p></o:p></i></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">In other words, Jung viewed the two attitudes–Extraversion and Introversion-and four functions-Sensation, Intuition, Thinking and Feeling- not only as everyday conscious experiences, but also as archetypes that exist in us before we experience them in consciousness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>They are “inborn potentials and universal patterns hidden, seedlike, in the human soul.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As archetypes, we may feel their effects in sacred and strangely felt events... This charge powers an individual’s preferred attitude and function as well as his or her despised or feared inferior attitudes and functions, which attract us or challenge us from the Soul’s depth.” (Giannini, p. 107). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Giannini, taking his lead from Jung, is emphatic in stating that we must not let our Western culture’s thinking and sensation biases create the view that the attitudes and functions are merely “nuts and bolts” of the psyche, but “the fuel that energizes us...as shaping consistent yet totally unique patterns and richly varied stories...primarily rooted in the Soul’s mystery, which tirelessly and wisely seeks to help us individuate...” (Giannini, pp. 108-109).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>He asserts that Jung viewed each aspect of type as an “archetypal capacity of the Soul,” which is the “master archetypal playwright” and that we can develop a conscious attitude toward them so that they can be called upon as needed which is different than just viewing them as a “consciously acquired set of traits.” (Giannini, p. 109)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">THE ASPECTS OF TYPE: ATTITUDES AND FUNCTIONS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Figure 3 shows the two attitudes or orientations to the world that Jung identified, Introversion and Extraversion, and the two sets of functions or mental processes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Perceiving set of functions, Sensation and Intuition relates to how we take in information or learn, while the Judging set, Thinking and Feeling, relates to how we choose among all that data to make decisions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The diagram shows that there is a preference for using each of the four functions in either an extraverted or introverted attitude.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none;font-family:georgia;" ></span></o:p></u></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></u></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:georgia;">The Two Attitudes: Extraversion and Introversion<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The attitudes of Introversion and Extraversion are innate, not of our own choosing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Jung even surmises that each may have a biological foundation in the service of adaptation to ensure the continuation of the species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Jung, pp. 331-332) For example, extraversion would represent one form of adaptation demonstrated by the pull to propagate,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>while introversion is adaptive in a different way as the pull to defend and conserve energy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">It is also important to note that although we each have a preference for one attitude over the other, we need and are capable of both Introversion and Extraversion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Giannini points out a simple example of how we naturally introvert and extravert in the daily cycle that most of us go through, starting with extraverting as we enter into the actions of our workday, followed by the introverted slowing and quieting at the end of the day that leads into sleep.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Of course, throughout the day, we may “escape” to our preferred attitude as a way of recuperating from the rigors of using its opposite! <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Introversion:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></b>Many of us are familiar with the definition of Introversion as an inward, subjectively oriented attitude.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Some of the qualities of introversion include reflection, conservation of energy, social reserve, often a quiet demeanor, with a need for space and solitude.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Introverts fit the description “still waters run deep.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">However, there is more to it than this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Introversion is that attitude whereby “conscious impressions are determined by the structure of the psyche as expressed through the various archetypes.” (Giannini, p. 123) The collective unconscious, or objective psyche, which is the residing place of the archetypes, is that which influences<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>introverts more strongly than pure outward perception even though they may not be aware of that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As Jung states in <i>Psychological Types</i>, <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The introverted attitude is normally oriented by the psychic structure...This must not, however, be assumed to be simply identical with the subject’s ego...it is rather the psychic structure of the subject prior to any ego-development.” (Jung, p. 376).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Therefore, the Introvert “interposes a subjective view between the perception of the object and his own action...selects the subjective determinants as the decisive ones...the introvert relies principally on what the sense impression constellates in the subject [his/herself].”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Jung, p. 374)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Because of this, there can be risks to introversion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Jung states the greatest risk to introverts is the “complete identity of the ego with the self; the importance of the self reduced to nil, while the ego is inflated beyond measure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The whole world-creating force of the subjective factor becomes concentrated in the ego, producing a boundless power complex and a fatuous egocentricity.” (Jung, pp. 377-378)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>He considered Nietzsche an example of this, while Giannini cites the more extreme example of serial killers whose extreme isolation and depression, coupled perhaps with a cruel upbringing foment paranoia and pent up fury.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>These are the people whose neighbors later say were so quiet, who kept to themselves so that they suspected nothing.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;">Of course there is a positive side to Introversion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Introverts are persons of ideas with many fine qualities including being reflective, seeking to understand the nature of things, having the ability to focus in depth for long periods, and communicating well through writing.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none;font-family:georgia;" ></span></o:p></u></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Extraversion:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></b>A different dynamic is at work in Extraversion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Although we all perceive objects in the outer world, an Extravert “thinks, feels, acts, and actually lives in a way that is <i>directly</i> correlated with the objective conditions and their demands...” (Jung, p. 333).<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Jung goes on to say about Extraverts that:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">He never expects to find any absolute factors in his own inner life, since the only ones he knows are outside himself...his inner life is subordinated to external necessity...His whole consciousness looks outward, because the essential and decisive determination always come from outside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>But it comes from outside only because that is where he expects it to come from...Not only people, but things seize and rivet his attention.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Accordingly, they also determine his actions, which are ...have a character that is always adapted to the actual circumstances (Jung, 1971, 0. 334).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">As with Introverts, there are risks to Extraverts should they become too one-sided:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -1in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">This is the extravert’s danger: he gets sucked into objects and completely loses himself in them...”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Jung, 1971, pp., 336-337)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><o:p><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></o:p></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Jung says that with this lopsidedness, the “unconscious comes to light in symptomatic form...which takes the form of a nervous breakdown when the influence of the unconscious finally paralyzes all conscious action...either the subject no longer knows what he really wants and nothing interests him, or he wants too much at once and has too many interests...” (Jung, 1971, pp. 339-340)<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The positive side of Extraversion includes qualities such as its action orientation and attunement to the outer environment, expressiveness, transparency and accessibility, sociability, enjoyment of life as it presents itself, confidence and broad interests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>To Extraverts might apply the saying “What you see is what you get.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Overall, it is important to remember as we next review the four functions that Introversion and Extraversion are powerful in that they exert their influence on the functions in various, eight to be exact, configurations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For example, there is extraverted thinking vs. introverted thinking, and so on for the other three functions, each having different qualities depending on whether the function is extraverted or introverted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The attitude preferred by our dominant our function does not extend, across the board, to the other functions.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none;font-family:georgia;" ></span></o:p></u></b></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:georgia;">THE FOUR FUNCTIONS<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The four functions are also called basic mental processes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Sensation and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Intuition, are the perceiving functions or how we gather information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Thinking and Feeling are the judging functions, or how we choose among the information gathered to make decisions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>All of the functions can be seen as an expression of the archetype of the Quaternity as seen in Figure 4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It is important to note that any of the functions can be placed at the top with its counterpart opposite, i.e. there is no “top” function overall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Jung wrote that:<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The quaternity archetype is one of the most widespread archetypes and has proved to be one of the most useful schemata for representing the arrangement of</i> the functions <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">by which the conscious mind takes its bearings. It is like the crossed threads in the telescope of our understanding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The cross formed by the points of the quaternity is no less universal and has in addition the highest possible moral and religious significance for Western man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Similarly, the circle, as the symbol of completeness and perfect being, is a widespread expression for heaven, sun and God; it also expresses the primordial image of man and the soul....Psychologically it denotes concentration on and preoccupation with a center....These images are naturally only anticipations of a wholeness which is, in principle, always just beyond our reach (Jung cited in Sharp, pp. 110-111).<o:p></o:p></i></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Jung compares the functions to the four points of a compass (a theme Giannini addresses in <i><u>Compass of the Soul</u></i><u>)</u>, the four cardinal points or directions being another manifestation of the quaternity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>On this matter he says:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The four functions are somewhat like the four points of the compass; they are just as arbitrary and just as indispensable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Nothing prevents our shifting the cardinal points as many degrees as we like in one direction or the other, or giving them different names.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It is merely a question of convention and intelligibility.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>But one thing I must confess: I would not for anything dispense with this compass on my psychological voyages of discovery. “ (Jung cited in Sharp, p. 142)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Sharp provides a succinct definition of the functions in his <i>Jung Lexicon </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>as:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">...the sensation function establishes that something exists, thinking tells us what it means, feeling tells us what it’s worth, and through intuition we have a sense of its possibilities... (Sharp, p. 142).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Though ideally we would use each function equally well, as Jung says “they are never uniformly differentiated and equally at our disposal.” (Jung, 1971, p. 518) It is more typical to have a dominant function that is more developed, with its opposite being the least developed, or inferior function.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The other remaining pair of functions serves more or less as “auxiliaries” to the dominant function.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">In his essay on <i>Psychological Typology</i>, Jung describes what the dominant preference looks like:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">There are people for whom the numinal accents falls on sensation, on the perception of actualities, and elevates it into the sole determining and overriding principle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>These are the fact-minded men, in whom intellectual judgment, feeling and intuition are driven into the background by the paramount importance of actual facts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>When the accent falls on thinking, judgment is reserved as to what significance should be attached to the facts in question.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>And on this significance will depend the way in which the individual deals with the facts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>If feeling is numinal, then his adaptation will depend entirely on the feeling value he attributes to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Finally, if the numinal accent falls on intuition, actual reality counts only in so far as it seems to harbour possibilities which then become the supreme motivating force, regardless of the way things actually are in the present (Jung, 1971, p. 554).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The numinal accent that Jung refers to is a sacred felt sense that comes from the archetypes of the collective unconscious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>He does remind us continually in his writing that each of the four functions are always combined with an attitude of either extraversion or introversion. (Jung, 1971, p. 554)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>He and subsequent Jungians often interchange collective names with the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>functions such as<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>“thinking as Logos, feeling as Soul, intuition as Spirit, and sensation as Matter.” (Giannini, p. 109).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Giannini<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>points out that the four functions have also been attached by some to the elements: air to thinking, earth to sensation, water to feeling and fire to intuition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Again, these are various archetypes based on a quaternity, all symbolizing a sort of wholeness, that the combination of functions, too, can represent.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">On a final note, it has been suggested that perceiving (sensation, intuition) and judging (thinking, feeling) functions are not as distinct as we would think.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For example, that there are judging aspects to sensation and intuition in that sensing collects things “in boxes, metaphorically speaking,” and intuition sees things in configurations, both of which establish limits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Establishing limits is a judging function.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>On the other hand, “thinking and feeling embrace cognitive fields; they know as well as judge...yet it is clear from experience and the extensive MBTI research that the perceiving functions can remain limitless within their established parameters, and so need the judging functions to move from an endless knowing to an actual doing...Finally, we need to remind ourselves that the unity of the two functions is based on the underlying principle of the psyche, the Self or Soul, as the overall archetype of wholeness...it is by virtue of the Self that each individual type unites to form any of the couplings, and in turn the four couplings, under the aegis of the Self, point us in the direction of undeveloped traits that form the typological circle, the compass of the Soul, and together help us constantly strive for wholeness and a fuller life.” (Giannini, pp. 171-172)<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none;font-family:georgia;" ></span></o:p></u></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></u></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:georgia;">THE SINGER LOOMIS MODEL</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p></o:p></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">A somewhat different mandala for conceptualizing the functions of type was proposed based on the typological research of Jungian analysts June Singer and Mary Loomis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>They “began to question the bipolarity assumption in Jung’s theory of psychological types,” based on their understanding that “the hallmark of creative individuals was flexibility in their mental processes.” (Loomis, pp. 43-44).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As Loomis says in her book, <i>Dancing the Wheel of the Psychological Types</i>:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">...there was never a conceptual disagreement with Jung’s theory...Our quandary centered only on the dynamics of his theory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>We saw typology as a dynamic process and agreed with those, including Jung himself, who would use typology as a roadmap for the individuation process (Loomis, p. 46).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">They developed the Singer-Loomis Inventory of Personality and a way to view the results that incorporates the Native American medicine wheel as shown in Figure 5 (Loomis, p. 47).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This mandala shows each function paired with its orientation:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>introversion is on the left, extraversion on the right for each function, corresponding with the Native American idea of the left as receiving, the right as the giving, outward moving side.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>With this mandala, rather than looking at dominant and inferior functions, by plotting percentages of preferences from the scoring on the SLIP, a pictorial representation of “whether one is more judging or perceiving, more introverted or extraverted is readily visible.” (Loomis, p. 48) This variation on an archetypal theme and type development will be described further in the next section.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:georgia;">TYPE DEVELOPMENT AND HIERARCHY OF FUNCTIONS</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p></o:p></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">As stated above, Jung considered type development an important part of the process of individuation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Marie-Louise von Franz elaborates on this process in <i>Lectures on Jung’s Typology</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Figure 6).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>About the role of type in development, she says,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Consciousness evolves in childhood from the unconscious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>From our point of view, the unconscious is a primary, and consciousness a secondary, fact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Therefore the unconscious totality and the structure of the total personality exist in time before the conscious personality and could be looked at in this way...When the functions develop in the field of consciousness -A, B, C, D - there comes up from below...one of the main functions of the ego.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The ego then uses mainly the operation of... [this function] in the organization of its field of consciousness. Slowly, another function appears and gradually they all - under favorable conditions - appear in the field of consciousness (von Franz, p. 21-22). <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Thus, there is a building process in type development, and the seeds of their order are already within us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This building process whereby one function and then gradually the others become developed over time varies in individuals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The function which first develops most strongly in us during our childhood is called the dominant function.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Again, it can be either introverted or extraverted in attitude.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As we continue to mature an auxiliary function with the opposite attitude develops to bolster or complement the dominant function, followed by its opposite, called the tertiary function. The most difficult function to assimilate and use with skill is the opposite of the dominant, and is called the fourth or inferior function.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It’s attitude is believed to be opposite to that of the dominant function, as we saw in Figure 1.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Of course, on one level, most of us are capable of using all of the different functions paired with either attitude as situations call for it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>However, we have certain strengths of personality based on our type dynamics, which makes us more skillful at using some pairings of attitude and function than others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In a sense, our individual four letter type is like a metamodel of our personality, exerting an archetypal pull for good or ill on us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Our ability to be conscious of and work with this “compass of the soul,” propels us on the path of individuation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">In her lectures, von Franz makes it clear that this process of indivi-duation, in which we come to terms with the four functions, is related to the archetypal: <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">alchemical symbolism that speaks of the problem of the four elements...then comes the fifth essence, which is not another additional element, but is, so to speak, the essence of all four and yet none of the four; it is the four in one...the <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic">quintessentia</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>or philosopher’s stone...this is a stepping out, so to speak, of identification with one’s own consciousness, and dwelling, or trying to dwell, on this middle plane...In alchemy, as well as in the development of the personality, the solution to the problem of the functions is the first step, but it is enormously difficult to get even as far as that (von Franz, pp. 78-79).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Thus, we can see that individuation, the assimilation of the four functions, is an archetypal process symbolically portrayed as the philosopher’s stone, or turning base metal into gold in alchemy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:georgia;">The Inferior Function</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p></o:p></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Von Franz leads us deeply into that phase of type development which is most difficult:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>the assimilation of “the unconscious psychological problem,” (von Franz, p. 78), in other words, the inferior function.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In a very short space, she has a great deal to say about the inferior and it’s archetypal qualities as well as about the assimilation of all the functions so that they are one and yet not one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>She likens the integration of all four functions to the enlightenment of a zen monk who no longer has a type preference, but can access whatever function and orientation is called for in any given situation. (von Franz, p. 79) She modified her original type diagram to illustrate this development in Figure 7.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Of the process of assimilating the inferior function, von Franz says:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The inferior function cannot be assimilated within the structure of the conscious attitude; it is too deeply implicated in and contaminated by the unconscious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It can be ‘raised’ somewhat, but in the process of raising it, consciousness is pulled down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In the process of this dynamic interplay, the middle realm is established...overcoming the tyranny of the dominant function in the ego complex...The inferior function is an important bridge to the experience of the deeper layers of the unconscious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Going to it and staying with it, not just taking a quick bath in it, effects a tremendous change in the whole structure of the personality (von Franz, pp. 73-74).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">When we cannot assimilate the fourth function, we end up its captive so to speak.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>She uses the example of the film <i>The Blue Angel</i> in which the inferior feeling function of the middle aged college professor pulls his “ego-consciousness to a completely primitive level” (von Franz, p. 76) so that he falls madly in love with the vampy young cabaret performer, played by Marlene Dietrich, who debases him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>He ends up becoming a circus clown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This is an example of living out the inferior in concrete form without assimilating it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Von Franz says that in such cases, we lose the whole upper structure of the personality as well.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The better alternative is to work with the inferior:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">So what does one do? At that moment this alchemical recipe comes into place: namely the effort to deal with the fourth function by putting it into a spherical vessel, by giving it a frame of fantasy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>One can get on not by living the fourth function in a concrete outer or inner way, but by giving it the possibility of a fantasy expression, whether in writing or painting or dancing or in any other form of active imagination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Jung found that active imagination was practically the only means for dealing with the fourth function (von Franz, p. 77).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">For example, a dominant intuitive type might engage in sensory experiences such as sculpting, making the inferior visible in some way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For me, as an inferior sensing type, dance and movement engages that part of me in active imagination or what has come to be called “authentic movement”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Another example could be where dominant thinking types may wish to express their inferior feeling function by painting in bold colors that express strong feeling.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">This leads us to the middle ground where<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">one transmits as it were, his feeling of life into an inner center, and the four functions remain only as instruments which can be used at will, taking them up and putting them down again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The ego and its conscious activity are no longer identical with any of the functions...the functions have become instruments of a consciousness which is no longer rooted in them or driven by them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It has its basis of operation in another dimension, a dimension that can only be created by the world of imagination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>That is why Jung calls this the transcendent function.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This right kind of imagination creates the uniting symbols...this is...the philosopher’s stone...From then on, as the text says, one moves without movement, runs without running... (von Franz, pp. 78-79).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Singer and Loomis have a different perspective on the process of type development which they see as moving cyclically through each of the eight function/attitude pairings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>They use a Native American medicine wheel called the Star Maiden Circle (Figure 8) and its cycles:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Circle of Foxes, The Dance of the Coyotes and the Walk of the Wolf, all of which can be superimposed on the Singer-Loomis Medicine Wheel of the Eight Cognitive Modes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Star Maiden Circle incorporates the quaternity of the four directions each of which has qualities ascribed to it. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>The south is the place of trust, innocence, giving and emotions; the west of the physical body, introspection and insight; the north of receiving with the mind, wisdom and logic; and the east of determining with the spirit, illumination and enlightenment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Loomis, p. 57-77)<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The process begins in the south and cycles clockwise around the circle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Circle of Foxes (Figure 9), called the “dark dance,”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>represents where we all begin as children and can become stuck in repeating patterns, like the fox chasing its own tail, the place of illusion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Loomis, p, 59-66)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The light dance begins with the Dance of The Coyote, who is the Trickster, symbolizing that changes begin as one is becoming conscious of complexes, patterns of behavior, and possibilities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Loomis states that the Dance of The Coyote is not a circle but bridges back and forth across the circle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Dance of the Coyote, too, is a bridge between the dark dance and the true “light mirror dance of the Star Maiden Circle,” which culminates in the Walk of the Wolf (Figure 10) (Loomis, pp. 66-77). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>They write:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The Walk of the Wolf is not attained by making just one change on the Circle of Foxes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>There are many, many changes to be made, and they are made by beginning the Dance of the Coyote.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>These entail bridging from one point on the circle to the opposite side...engaging the dance, then identifying your mythology and the core beliefs that...have become a major part of your persona...you will see, your reliance on particular typological functions is directly related to your mythology and core beliefs...because our core beliefs include a particular typological style, an examination of the way we function can be fruitful in pointing out the direction we need to move if we are to break old patterns<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Loomis, pp. 75-77).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">As we work our way through life and around the Walk of the Wolf, we are “open to the promptings of our Higher Selves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In Jungian terms, the ego and the Self are in continuous dialogue...We are the unique persons we were born to be.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Loomis, p. 74) Thus these medicine wheel mandalas are a blend Native American symbols for archetypal patterns of individuation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none;font-family:georgia;" ></span></o:p></u></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none;font-family:georgia;" ></span></o:p></u></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:georgia;"></span></u></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:georgia;">THE ARCHETYPAL FUNCTION COUPLINGS</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p></o:p></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">There are other archetypal dynamics that are possible among the four functions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In his book <i>Compass of the Soul,</i> John Giannini cites the work of many type researchers in laying out these dynamics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Osmond Group, for example, follows in Isabel Briggs Myers footsteps in their work regarding the combinations of perception and judgment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Giannini, p. 192) They suggest looking at the couplings in regards not just to individual development but also in relation to individuation as social. (Figure 11)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Quoted in Giannini, Osmond and his group say:</span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">...instead of asking what a thinking-sensation and a thinking-intuitive have in common, we ask what a thinking-sensation and a sensation-thinking have in common.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The categories are the same, but the focus is now different: it is on pairs of functions rather than on a first and second or auxiliary function.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The four groupings in the new schema...we shall call “umwelts” or self-worlds, after the manner of the ethnologist Jakob von Uexkull.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>These entities turn out to have a nature and attributes importantly different from those of the functions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Unlike the functions which tell one what a person is experiencing-thoughts, feelings, sensations, intuitions-the umwelts tell one how the person experiences the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The functions give one the contents of consciousness, the umwelts the form of consciousness (Giannini, p. 190).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">For Giannini this was a revelation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>He realized the were talking about functions as archetypes, saying:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">I realized that the pairings were more comprehensive and viable avenues for Soul-making than the individual function types, both in inner work and in interpersonal relations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Archetypes, as Jung pointed out, are forms or formal potential structures existing in all persons that are revealed through their manifest images and traits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>These four couplings began to emerge in my mind as the essential archetypes of human conduct (Giannini, p. 191).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Myers table “Effects of Combinations of Perception and Judgment” (Figure 12) gives us a deeper perspective on the couplings effect on personality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Giannini began to see a dynamic in the Osmond Group’s mandala (Figure 13) where he considered the left and right sides as brain hemispheres: the “realities of the left side” focusing on techniques of the creative process whereas “the possibilities of the right side focus on the art of a creative process.” (Giannini, p. 194) He also began to envision the life process as a clockwise movement around the mandala, with the beginning of life being more practical and the latter half more philosophical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>He also discerned a counterclockwise movement related to the creative process that will be discussed later. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Giannini also combines the Osmond Group’s mandala with the four social archetypes presented in the work of Robert Moore and Douglas Gillette: King, Warrior, Magician and Lover.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As shown in <u>Figure 14</u>, there is a correspondence between:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="a"><span style="font-family:georgia;">∙<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Structurals and The Warrior<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="a"><span style="font-family:georgia;">∙<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Ethereals and The Magician<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="a"><span style="font-family:georgia;">∙<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Oceanics and The Lover<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="a"><span style="font-family:georgia;">∙<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Expereals and The King/Queen<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The properties of the four couplings in the Osmond Mandala include (Figures 15-18):<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -1.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;">ST:</span></b><span style="font-family:georgia;"> <span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span>The Warrior/Structuralist Archetype: Aggression, Fierce Implementation of Ideas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Structuralists are those who on the positive side are good at systematic fact gathering, are orderly, capable, and protective.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Their negative attributes include being rigid, domineering, insensitive to the feelings of others, and unimaginative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>They objectify problems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Overall, for good or ill, they are territorial and structural in that their focus is on the “structure of reality rather than its substance.,” building boundaries and limits (Giannini, pp. 196-198) Ares and Artemis are personifications in Greek mythology of this archetype.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -2in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">SF:</b><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>Experials/Ruler Archetype, World Parents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Experials, coined by the Osmond group, are persons who see reality as the “concrete, direct, personal experience of things as they happen minute by minute and day by day” They are our “practical moralists,” with integrity, and “derive principles of behavior from large, detailed observations” and often apply these to the service of others, valuing action over contemplation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>On the other hand, this archetype predisposes them to find change and separation difficult.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The goddesses Hestia and Hera depict the SF archetype.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Comic Sans MS';font-size:12;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:'Comic Sans MS';font-size:12;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -1in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">NF:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span></b><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Oceanic/Lover Archetype: Eros. Idealist Temperament.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>These types can be seen as receptive, flexible, sensitive to the needs of others, mystical and romantic or they can seem moody, helpless, dreamy, even cruel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>They subjectify problems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>They are oceanic in that “they embrace wholeness” and “because of their fluid, unstructured ways,” which may have more of an affinity with Eastern rather than Western philosophies (Giannini, pp. 197-198) Dionysius and Aphrodite depict the NF archetype.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -1.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;">NT:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span></span></b><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;">Ethereals/Sage or Magician Archetype. Rational Temperament: Knowledge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>NT’s such as Jung, may be described as “...deeply interested in facts because of the possibility they may sustain a theory,...brilliant, witty, imaginative” or, on the other hand, absentminded, impractical, cold, visionary. (Giannini, p. 199) They are interested in the way things could be without always following through on that with action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Apollo and Athena depict the archetypal patterns of the NT as “cultural inspirers of intellectual and artistic pursuits.” (Giannini, p. 202)<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Giannini emphasizes the importance of this way of looking at function pairs because<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">…this awareness of the archetypal nature of the four couplings places typology much more into the center of the entire Jungian enterprise...In fact, since the typological compass is the only holistic depiction of Jung’s psychology, its four archetypal couplings seem to embrace every aspect of Jung’s system, especially culminating in a lifetime individuation process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Second, it provides a bridge to Jung for people trained in the MBTI.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Third, the four archetypal function couplings...provide more comprehensive behavioral templates than the individual functions for organizing, understanding, and categorizing individuals, societies and intellectual systems in our often chaotic personal and social worlds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Fourth,...the couplings help ground the archetypal images in everyday life, even as the images enlarge and expand the gestalt of the couplings’ characteristics and fields of awareness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Finally, they help us understand more accurately our own psychic anatomy, our relationships, and our work preferences (Giannini, pp. 202-203).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Giannini goes on to point out that the individual functions “reveal the ‘content’ of human differences, whereas the couplings lay out the ‘form,’ or the fundamental intelligence, of human differences,” with form being the same as archetypes and also ‘associated with the <i>numen</i>, the fiery sparks of the soul’” (Giannini, p. 222) Also, that all of the type couplings, as expressions of archetypes, influence each of us, however we are each more strongly and naturally oriented towards one or two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>So just as the MBTI demonstrates that we have a hierarchy of preference for using the four functions, Giannini suggests that we also have a similar type preference hierarchy for the function couplings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">He theorized that moving in a counterclockwise direction on this archetypal circle is a metaphor for the creative process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Figure 19) Starting with an ST question that we are asked of ourselves, it incubates in the arms of the inner loving SF parent, so that the creative breakthrough occurs via our Lover or Creative Artist self and is systematized by the NT Creative Scientist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In a personal correspondence with Giannini, Mary McCaulley states that each quadrant or coupling has a different question (Figure 14):<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;">ST: What is it?<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;">SF: What matters?<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;">NF: What might be<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;">NT: How might it all fit?<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;">Giannini lays out how dream work proceeds in this manner:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">...in this circular direction, in which life poses a question, we sleep on it, then the answer emerges as a spontaneously and emotionally filled dream image in the NF quadrant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In waking life, we are then challenged to integrate the dream into a large NT vision (Giannini, p. 245).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The next diagram (Figure 20) shows how the depth element is added to this process of “claiming unrecognized potentials.” (Giannini, p. 246) Notice it has depth in that it becomes more three dimensional, and is not just a flat model.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It illustrates that: “typological archetypal work must be understood integrally from the standpoint of the Self, which is both the hidden source of all archetypes, the embracing arms of both consciousness and unconsciousness, and the basis of fundamental transformation..the creative, integrating and healing source of the entire typological and archetypal compass.” (Giannini, p. 246-247).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This corresponds to Edinger’s figures in <u>Ego and Archetype </u>of the ego arising out of the Self, where the smaller circle of ego forms within the sphere of Self; then gradually rises to the surface, to rest on the larger sphere of the Self while maintaining a “thread” of connection-the ego-Self axis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The paradox is, of course, that the Self still contains the ego.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Giannini also reminds us that while it is often, in life, recommended to us to use external models as a way to the Self, though these are helpful on the path of individuation, “we must find our own inner archetypal ideal as King or Queen, our own inner Magician as mentor, our own inner Warrior as a stimulus to achievement, and our own inner Lover as a teacher of intimacy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Inside mentors from dreams and inspirations are necessarily primary; outside mentors must always be subordinate to these inner guides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Besides, if one is too caught up in any one archetype, the Soul often presents an emotional and cognitive initiation into one of the other archetypal realms.” (Giannini, p. 248) This process is clearly primarily introverted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">As part of the psychic process portrayed in this new mandala is that of </span><span style="font-family:georgia;">symbols of transformation whereby symbols which often appear in dreams or active imagination as “negative, destructively uncontained or useless energies and images are changed into positive, ...useful energies and images.” (Giannini, p. 250)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Of this Giannini says that at times there may be great resistance or inattentiveness to what is presented, at others the changes may<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">occur with significant dialogical work by the dream ego or in waking consciousness with the unconscious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The transformation itself, however, always occurs spontaneously in the unconscious, and enters consciousness with often abrupt and frightening strangeness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Consciousness, must therefore be strong enough to contain this often fearful process of change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Typologically, this demands enough extraverted, sensate thinking differentiation and objectivity to toughen, so to speak, the ego’s skin, so as to contain the change without being sucked into its powerful unconscious dynamics (Giannini, p. 251). <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Thus we can see how introversion and extraversion work together to aid in the process of individuation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Giannini uses the story of Jacob and Esau from the Old Testament to illustrate this archetypal process, focusing on Jacob’s dream the night before he meets his brother after years of exile and having stolen Esau’s birthright.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In this dream he is “wrestling with an angel, symbolically representing God and his angry brother, as well as the related guilt he felt.” (Giannini, p. 251), i.e. a symbol of transformation demanding that “Jacob face his sin and seek healing.” (Giannini, p. 51) Typologically speaking, Jacob, an NF Lover type, is also seeking to integrate aspects of his ST warrior brother.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In the dream, he won’t let his adversary go until he receives a new name, which is, of course, Israel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This is the reminder that “his life’s calling has a larger cultural and spiritual significance.” (Giannini, p. 151).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>However, just to be sure he doesn’t get too inflated with this, the angel wounds him in the hip as a reminder of his vulnerability!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>“Most importantly, Jacob is so changed internally that when Esau sees him he experiences his strength and holy presence and they embrace.” (Giannini, p. 252), symbolic not only of the new inner relationship of the NF and ST couplings, but also indicating a changed relationship to the outer world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Each of us has our own unique inner mandates to change, becoming something more than what we have been, that which we have always had the “seed” within us to become, but not without upheaval.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>A favorite poem of mine by e.e. cummings goes like this:<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>my mind is<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>a big hunk of irrevocable nothing which touch and<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>taste and smell and hearing and sight keep hitting and<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>chipping with sharp fatal tools<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>in an agony of sensual twisels I perform squirms of<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>chrome and execute strides of cobalt<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>nevertheless I<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>feel that I cleverly am being altered that I slightly am<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>becoming something a little different, in fact<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>myself<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>Hereupon helpless I utter lilac shrieks and scarlet<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>bellowings<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><em>(cummings, 1963)<o:p></o:p></em></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none;font-family:georgia;" ></span></o:p></u></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:georgia;">TYPE AND CULTURE</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p></o:p></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Jung, and Giannini in his footsteps,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>have a great deal to say about the dominant cultural typology of the West.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Both feel that the ST Warrior Coupling is dominant, and overall the ESTJ Type is the dominant type.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This does not mean that all individuals are ESTJ’s within our culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Rather, in <i>Psychological Types </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>by Jung and <i>Compass of the Soul</i> by Giannini, the historical development of a Western cultural type is explained showing how that type overshadows the individuals within the culture:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Jung believed that over time, tragically, the voice of the unconscious and of feeling fantasy “became...[stigmatized as] the voice of the devil...Typologically, the outer-oriented, concrete and logical ESTJ mentality supplanted the inner-oriented, symbolic INFP attitude...later...the sciences also ‘excluded the standpoint of feeling and fantasy [intuition] (Giannini, pp. 78-79).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">While there have been benefits of this ESTJ typology such as modern science and its products and where primitive feeling developed logic, both authors assert that we must return to recognition of a “primal as well as culturally sophisticated human ground, an NF mentality, without losing our pragmatic consciousness and our scientific/technological mental skills.” (Giannini, p. 76) For Jung, it is fantasy-or imagination-as the creative faculty of the psyche that continually unites opposites.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>By fantasy he meant the <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">preeminent creative activity that ‘fashions the bridge between the irreconcilable claims of subject and object, introversion and extraversion’...that unites the sensory impressions of the thing with the abstractness of the idea...” (Jung. P. 77-</i>78).<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">He goes on to add that:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Fostering the personal and collective sensitivity to and consciousness of symbols as the Soul’s language, however, depends on the culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The relation of the individual to his or her symbolic life ‘is very largely conditioned by his relation to the unconscious in general, and that in turn is conditioned by the spirit of the age...every closed system...has an undoubted tendency to suppress the unconscious in the individual, as much as possible, thus paralyzing his fantasy activities (Giannini, pp. 77-78).<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">The actual effects of this, the excesses of the ESTJ type, are to be seen in Figure 21, and indeed are felt by all of us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As Giannini states, “This mean-spirited attitude...functions as a tyrannical force in both individuals and society.” (Giannini, p. 510) However, rather than dwell on that, because it is so obvious to us all at this time in history, I would like to explore solutions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Firstly, by remembering that “within a type psychology...there is a way to recover the Soul and its sacred way by valuing the wonder and mystery of individuals and their imaginative potentials...to regain the hidden forces of the heart, the compassionate feelings in our guts, the dark, creative riches of our hidden spiritual treasure.” (Giannini, p. 524)<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">And that is happening, paradoxically made possible by the scientific discovery exploited by the ESTJ nature, albeit with perhaps different outcomes in mind!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As Giannini says, “forces ...are converging to destabilize our old mentality.” (Giannini, p. 524) We have seen the rise of Gaia Theory and Quantum physics, for example, both of which speak to us about the interconnection of life at minute levels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Science and religion, the two greatest influences of the past two thousand years,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>are drawing closer together because of these discoveries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">In addition to personal depth work, Giannini also espouses the work of William Edwards Deming, a physicist, engineer, and mathematician, as a guide to helping us resolve the ESTJ problem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Deming was actually the man who helped American industry to be so productive during World War II.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Forgotten here afterwards, he helped to revolutionize Japanese industry after the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Over thirty years later, when his work came to be recognized in the U.S., largely because of the superiority by that time of Japanese industry, it was misapplied with the typical western ESTJ biases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Thus, it did not have the same results and his work was sometimes discredited.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>However, as Giannini demonstrates, Deming’s model is a fourfold mandala (Figure 22) which can be overlaid onto the type mandala. It is a circular “System of Profound Knowledge, Deming’s final legacy, consisting of ‘four important disciplines and areas of insight and the interaction and interdependence between them’: (Giannini, p. 529) which seeks to “value each individual and to include every individual...” (Giannini, p. 535)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Figure 23 demonstrates Deming’s system of both personal and organizational development in a Jungian context, mirroring Giannini’s mandala of the Total Life Process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Of this process, Giannini says: <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">the potential life journey... begins with the Soul’s inborn traits, proceeds through the SF parental influences, and moves into the ST Warrior’s challenge to make it in the outside world. ..both the SF Parental and the ST Warrior aspects of psyche</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">take on some</i> destructive influences manifesting themselves as fears and inhibitions in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">individuals and collectives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As a result, the plunge back to the Self’s resources usually encounters enormously frightening resistances along the way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Deming’s vision, therefore, may be seen as a ...dark night of the soul, in which the awakening of all the qualities of the Self, beginning with intrinsic motivation and self-esteem, are slowly and painfully realized in both individual and corporate transformation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It is for this reason that the line of development, the life’s journey for each of us, must usually go through the NF’s Lover quadrant, with its initial foreboding feelings and emotional darkness, which are also required for creative change in Deming’s psychological consciousness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Only then does our path of consciousness, first experienced as a transformation to what is essentially human and spiritual, emerge, like Deming’s path, into the NT realm as a spiritual, yet pragmatic, holistic system of organization life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Deming’s method implies that spirituality is practical and efficacious in the workplace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>One’s new life meaning extends, according to Deming, “to interactions between people,” leading to “transformations of the organizations that he belongs to. ...Individual and corporate consciousness are inseparable in the Deming vision.The psychology of change is the overarching challenge here, given our rigid ESTJ culture that so fears change (Giannini, p. 541-542).<o:p></o:p></i></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Thus, Deming’s model of transformation which he called a “metanoia” (transformative change of heart; spiritual awakening-Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary) in his 1994 book <i>A System of Profound Knowledge</i> is parallel to Jung’s individuation in that it is “a radical inner spiritual change of heart and a painful tempering in the fire of change that overcomes and transforms the forces of destruction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As a result, a new creative energy and positive development is awakened in every individual and every organization.” (Giannini, p. 541) <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">This unique model provides for the individuation process of people and organizations, where individuals are prized above things and are no longer “widgets.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">All of the various mandalas this paper has presented are depictions of the Soul’s journey toward wholeness, i.e. individuation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>To reiterate, as Jung said, “I would not for anything dispense with this compass on my psychological voyages of discovery.” (Jung, 1971).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">BIBLIOGRAPHY<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">cummings, e.e. (1963)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><i>Complete Poems</i>,<i> 1913-1962</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Giannini, J. (2004).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><i>Compass of the Soul.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></i>Gainesville, FL: Center for the Application of Psychological Type.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Jung, C.G. (1971)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><i>Psychological Types</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Vol. 6). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.<span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Loomis, M.E. (1991)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><i>Dancing the Wheel of Psychological Types.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Wilmette, IL: Chiron. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (2003) (Eleventh Edition).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Myers, Isabel Briggs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><i>Introduction to Type</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -1in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;">Sharp, D. (1991)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><i>Jung Lexicon: A Primer of Terms & Concepts.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Toronto: Inner City.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -1in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -1in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;">von Franz, M.-L., Hillman, J. (1979)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><i>Lectures on Jung’s Typology. </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Irving, TX: Spring.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div class="Section2"></div><div class="Section2"><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE & ARCHETYPE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">LIST OF FIGURES<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 1: TITLE PAGE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 2: JUNG’S TYPE COMPASS WITH CONSCIOUS & UNCONSCIOUS<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>ASPECTS OF TYPE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 3: DIAGRAM OF THE TWO ATTITUDES AND FOUR FUNCTIONS<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 4:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>LOOMIS’ MEDICINE WHEEL OF THE 8 COGNITIVE MODES<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 5: VON FRANZ’S DIAGRAM OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE PERSONALITY<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -1in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 6:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>VON FRANZ’S DIAGRAM OF INTEGRATION OF INFERIOR FUNCTION<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 7: LOOMIS’ STAR MAIDEN CIRCLE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -1in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 8:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>LOOMIS’ CIRLCE OF FOXES MOVEMENT OF THE STAR MAIDEN CIRCLE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -1in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 9:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>LOOMIS’ WALK OF THE WOLF MOVEMENT OF THE STAR MAIDEN CIRCLE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 10:THE OSMOND GROUP’S COUPLINGS AS ARCHETYPES<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 11:MYERS’ COMBINATION OF PERCEPTION AND JUDGMENT <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 12: THE OSMOND GROUP’S COUPLINGS AS ARCHETYPES<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 14: OSMOND GROUP’S COUPLINGS WITH MOORE & GILLETTE’S SOCIAL<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="font-family:georgia;">ARCHETYPES<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 15: THE WARRIOR ARCHETYPE <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 16: THE KING/QUEEN ARCHETYPE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 17: THE LOVER ARCHETYPE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 18:THE MAGICIAN ARCHETYPE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 19: GIANNINI’S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>CREATIVE PROCESS IN OUR INNER WORK<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 20: GIANNINI’S THE SELF AS SOURCE & CONTAINER OF THE<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>ARCHETYPES AND THE TOTAL LIFE PROCESS<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 21: GIANNINI’S SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF OUR NATIONAL ESTJ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>PATHOLOGY<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 22: DEMING’S SYSTEM OF PROFOUND KNOWLEDGE <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;">FIGURE 23:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>DEMING’S SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THE PSYCHE<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: -71.4pt -.5in -13.5pt 0in .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in 8.0in 8.5in 9.0in 9.5in 10.0in 10.5in 11.0in 11.5in 12.0in 12.5in 13.0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';font-size:12;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3507854116233804879.post-58513477260625641802010-04-06T08:54:00.000-07:002010-12-08T14:51:05.229-08:00Essays - Jung and the "New Dispensation"<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Jung and the “New Dispensation”</span></b><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">In the previous essay I noted how Jung anticipated a new development in the evolution of religion. Some of his followers call this the “new dispensation.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[1]</span></span></span></span></a> Just what this means, and the role the individual will play in it, is the subject of this essay. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">We must begin with some definitions, since “dispensation” is not a household word for most readers of this blog. Nor would Jung’s definitions of “God” be familiar to most readers. After defining terms, we will consider the role of the individual in the emerging spiritual landscape, and we’ll conclude by setting the subject in the broader context of the evolution of Western civilization.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Some Definitions<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Dispensation<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“Dispensation” comes from the Latin verb <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">dispensare</i>, “to manage, distribute, allot, arrange, dispense.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[2]</span></span></span></span></a> Given our materialistic ethos most Americans would immediately think of the dispensing of resources, stuff, food or money. But our focus here is more on intangibles. What intangible is being dispensed? Jungians would say the stuff of the psyche. “Dispensation” defined in psychic terms is “the specific arrangement or system by which our perception of the world is ordered.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[3]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">This system is not something a group of people decide to create: It is the work of the objective psyche or Collective Unconscious, and it evolves over time.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[4]</span></span></span></span></a> Thousands of years ago the psyches of the ancestors of Western people operated within a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">participation mystique</i> with Nature.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[5]</span></span></span></span></a> In time, this changed, as the ancient Hebrews took up monotheism, and their perception became ordered around the worship of Jahweh, the God of the Torah.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[6]</span></span></span></span></a> The fact that we now speak of an “Old Testament” and a New bespeaks the later evolution of another form of ordering, what Jung’s followers call the “Christian dispensation,”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[7]</span></span></span></span></a> centered around the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Jung felt that the key difference between the Judaic and Christian religions was the “transformation of the God-image”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[8]</span></span></span></span></a> that occurred over hundreds of years from the time of Job (c. 600-400 B.C.) to the time of Christ. As he anticipated the shift from the Age of the Fishes (Pisces) to the Age of the Water-Bearer (Aquarius),<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[9]</span></span></span></span></a> Jung recognized the outlines of a new form of religious expression. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Jung’s follower, analyst Lawrence Jaffe, coined a term for this new form: the “psychological dispensation.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[10]</span></span></span></span></a> The first dispensation was the Judaic, the second, the Christian. What Jaffe and other Jungians now see is the emergence of a new religion of consciousness,<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[11]</span></span></span></span></a> a “religion of experience”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[12]</span></span></span></span></a> that will reconcile the first and second dispensations.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[13]</span></span></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">This “psychological dispensation” is a form of religious expression in which<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">experience supplants faith: Jung articulated this key feature of the new dispensation in the interview he had with John Freeman of the BBC late in his life. Freeman asked Jung if he believed in God. Jung paused and then said, “… I know. I don’t need to believe, I know.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[14]</span></span></span></span></a> This was not the only time Jung spoke about his knowing the Divine. In an earlier interview Jung said “I only believe in what I know. And that eliminates believing. Therefore I do not take his existence on belief—I know that he exists.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[15]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">In the psychological dispensation, the role of the individual becomes central, as Jungian analyst Edward Edinger noted, when he said that by becoming “…aware of the transpersonal center of the psyche, the Self,”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[16]</span></span></span></span></a> and by living “… out of that awareness, [the individual] can be said to be the incarnation of the God-image.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[17]</span></span></span></span></a> This quote begs further definition. What is meant by “God”? by “God-image”? by “Self”?<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Jung’s Definitions of God</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Since “God” is a word most Western people have heard often, the reader of this blog essay is likely to assume he/she knows what Jung meant. Not so! First, note the plural in the sub-heading: Jung used many terms to define the Divine in his voluminous writings. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Second, ever the empiricist, Jung was not about to indulge in vagueness with his terms. He recognized that “god,” as a concept, is unknowable, “because no one can get outside his/her own psyche.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[18]</span></span></span></span></a> Jung reminds us that “… everything men assert about God is twaddle, for no man can know God.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[19]</span></span></span></span></a> Jung makes a distinction, therefore, between “God,” the unknowable, and the “God-image,” that sense or image we have in our minds. Jung said: “… I speak of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">God-image and not of God</i> because it is quite beyond me to say anything about God at all.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[20]</span></span></span></span></a> And Jung was quite critical of theologians<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[21]</span></span></span></span></a> who did claim to speak of God and describe God, without making any distinction between the unknowable and the mental image. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Third, Jung’s “God” was not absolute, but “relative to man.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[22]</span></span></span></span></a> Regarding the Divine as absolute would place God “outside all connection to mankind.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[23]</span></span></span></span></a> Jung recognized that “Such a God would be of no consequence at all.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[24]</span></span></span></span></a> And God was of great consequence in Jung’s psychology, as seen in the 498+<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[25]</span></span></span></span></a> citations listed in the Index to his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i> alone (not considering his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, or the other books, essays and articles he wrote). <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Jung spoke much of God, but his uses of the term vary greatly. Here are some statements likely to resonate:<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“God is Reality itself.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[26]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">God is “… a factor unknown in itself.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[27]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">God<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>is “… an inner experience, not discussable as such but impressive.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[28]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“God is a universal experience which is obfuscated only by silly rationalism and an equally silly theology.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[29]</span></span></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“… God is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">ev to pan.</i>” (in all things)<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[30]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“God is an immediate experience of a very primordial nature, one of the most natural products of our mental life,…”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[31]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“… I do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">know</i> of a power of a very personal nature and an irresistible influence. I call it ‘God’.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[32]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“I only know Him as a personal, subjective experience…”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[33]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“God is “… the principle of order…”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[34]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“… God is a mystery, and everything we say about Him is said and believed by human beings… when I speak of God I always mean the image man has made of him…”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[35]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">But consider these quotes from Jung that might either shock or puzzle the typical Western person:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">God is “… an apt name given to all overpowering emotions in my own psychic system, subduing my conscious will and usurping control over myself. This is the name by which I designate all things which cross my willful path violently and recklessly, all things which upset my subjective views, plans and intentions and change the course of my life for better or worse.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[36]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">God is “… the power of fate in … positive as well as negative aspect,…”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[37]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“After thinking this over I have come to the conclusion that being ‘made in the likeness’ applies not only to man but also to the Creator: he resembles man or is his likeness, which is to say that he is just as unconscious as man or even more unconscious,…”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[38]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“… it would be an arbitrary limitation of the concept of God to assume that He is only good and so deprive evil of real being. If God is only good, everything is good….”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[39]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“… I know of the existence of God-images in general and in particular. I know it is a matter of a universal experience and … I know that I have such experience also, which I call God. It is the experience of my will over against another and very often stronger will, crossing my path often with seemingly disastrous results, putting strange ideas into my head and maneuvering my fate… outside my knowledge and intention…”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[40]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">And Jung recognized just how strange some of the above might sound to the typical Western person, when he wrote: “… it is strange and painful to us to admit a paradoxical or a contradictory God-image.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[41]</span></span></span></span></a> We are not used to defining the Divine as a force that upsets our life, that “maneuvers our fate” or that includes evil. Even more surprising is Jung’s idea that God might be even more unconscious than humans. Which brings us to the third type of definition Jung used for “God,” psychological usages:<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“My God-image corresponds to an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">autonomous</i> archetypal pattern. Therefore I can experience God as if he were an object, but I need not assume that it is the only image.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[42]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“’God’ therefore is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">in the first place</i> a mental image equipped with instinctual ‘numinosity,’ i.e. an emotional value bestowing the characteristic autonomy of the affect on the image.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[43]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“For me ‘God’ is on the one hand a mystery that cannot be unveiled, and to which I must attribute only <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">one</i> quality: that it exists in the form of a particular psychic event which I feel to be numinous and cannot trace back to any sufficient cause lying within my field of experience. On the other hand ‘God’ is a verbal image, a predicate or mythologem founded on archetypal premises which underlie the structure of the psyche as images of the instincts (‘instinctual patterns’)… these images possess a certain autonomy which enables them to break through, sometimes against the rational expectations of consciousness (thus accounting in part for their numinosity). ‘God’ in this sense is a biological, instinctual and elemental ‘model,’… which, despite its numinosity, is and must be exposed to intellectual and moral criticism…”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[44]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“… ‘God’ within the frame of psychology is an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">autonomous complex, a dynamic image, and that is all psychology is ever able to state.</i> It cannot know more about God.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[45]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">On a personal level, Jung used another term for God: the Self. This is a major term in the new dispensation and must be defined.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Definitions of the Self</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“… the self is a redoubtable reality….”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[46]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">the Self is “… an empirical concept [that] designates the whole range of psychic phenomena in man… it encompasses both the experienceable and the inexperienceable (or the not yet experienced)…”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[47]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">the Self is “… a transcendental concept…[that] thus characterizes an entity that can be described only in part.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[48]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“The self is not only the center, but also the whole circumference which embraces both conscious and unconscious; it is the center of this totality,…”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn49" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[49]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“I call this unknowable the ‘self’…”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn50" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[50]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“The self is … a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">borderline concept</i>, not by any means filled out with the known psychic processes.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn51" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[51]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">The Self is the “archetype of wholeness and the regulating center of the psyche;… a transpersonal power that transcends the ego.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn52" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[52]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbolfont-family:Symbol;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">·<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">The Self “… might equally be called the ‘God within us’.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn53" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[53]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">As that form of the Divine that lives within each of us, the Self was a key component of Jung’s thought and is a key feature of the emerging “psychological dispensation.” It reflects Jung’s stress on the individual, as the sole carrier of consciousness.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn54" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[54]</span></span></span></span></a> Where Yahweh was the focus of the first, Judaic, dispensation, and Jesus was the focus of the second, Christian, version, the individual person will be the focus of the third dispensation. To the role of the individual we now turn.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">The Role of the Individual in the New Dispensation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">In several previous essays<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn55" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[55]</span></span></span></span></a> I noted how Jung had no use for mass movements or “mass man.” He disliked large groups and felt no lasting change ever occurred in collectives. In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Answer to Job</i>, the book in which Jung developed most clearly his sense of the future form of religion, he noted<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';font-size:11;">There is only one remedy for the leveling effect of all collective measures, and that is to emphasize and increase the value of the individual. A fundamental change of attitude (metanoia) is required, a real recognition of the whole man. This can only be the business of the individual and it must begin with the individual in order to be real.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn56" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" >[56]</span></b></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">In one of his last books, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Undiscovered Self</i>, written for laymen, Jung pleaded with people to recognize the vital role each of us is meant to play now, in these critical times: <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';font-size:11;">So much is at stake and so much depends on the psychological constitution of modern man… does the individual know that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">he</i> is the makeweight that tips the scales?<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn57" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:11;" >[57]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">As the “sole and natural carrier of life,”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn58" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[58]</span></span></span></span></a> the individual—not groups, organizations, congregations, clergy or a priestly class—bears the full weight of responsibility in the new dispensation. This means we must look within, not without. We must value our inner guidance, our intuition, and cherish our imagination and creativity, two human qualities so expressive of our divine nature. We must also do our inner work, to get in touch with and integrate our shadow side, our contrasexual side (animus or anima), to hold the tension of opposites that confront us all through life. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">The new dispensation recognizes that individual people “are to become incarnating vessels of the Holy Spirit on an ongoing basis.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn59" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[59]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The role Jesus played in the second dispensation, individuals are to take up in the third. When Jesus spoke of the “living water”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn60" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn60" name="_ftnref60"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[60]</span></span></span></span></a> that he could give to people he was looking ahead to the coming eon when each of us will be the “bearer” or container of that “living water” that symbolizes the Holy Spirit. “Water bearer” is the symbol for the zodiacal sign of Aquarius.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn61" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[61]</span></span></span></span></a> The individual is at the center of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">metanoia</i> that is now underway, as we move slowly out of the Age of Pisces into the Age of Aquarius. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">The New Dispensation in the Evolution of Western Civilization<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">“Slowly” is not used loosely here: world eons change over many centuries. Jung looked back in Western history and identified a 12<sup>th</sup> century monk, Joachim of Flora, as one of the first Western writers to spot the change which was just beginning.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn62" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[62]</span></span></span></span></a> Joachim wrote of the 3 “ages” of Western history: the “Age of the Father,” the term he used for the first, Judaic, dispensation; the “Age of the Son,” his term for the Christian dispensation, centered around Jesus Christ as the Son of God; and he foresaw an “Age of the Holy Spirit,” when divinity would no longer be lodged “out there,” in some figure outside human beings. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Jung recognized the instability that characterized the 12<sup>th</sup> century,<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn63" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[63]</span></span></span></span></a> with its numerous heresies. Joachim’s ideas were anathematized by the Church,<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn64" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[64]</span></span></span></span></a> which, then as now, had no use for individual people claiming they could know or “be a carrier” of God. How could such people be controlled or kept under the thumb of church leaders, if they felt they could have direct and personal <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">knowledge</i> of the Divine? <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Jung wants us to understand that the first two dispensations are loosing their “juice,” their vibrancy, their hold on the Western consciousness. Goethe saw this.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn65" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn65" name="_ftnref65"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[65]</span></span></span></span></a> Nietzsche recognized it, and tried to sound the alarm in his famous statement that “God is dead.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn66" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn66" name="_ftnref66"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[66]</span></span></span></span></a> The God of the earlier dispensations—that version of the Divine that is “out there,” external to human beings, accessible only through the mediation of some religious hierarchy—is changing, as Western consciousness evolves. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Jung’s followers believe that the form of spiritual expression consistent with the evolution of Western consciousness will partner the individual person with God,<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn67" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn67" name="_ftnref67"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[67]</span></span></span></span></a> with individuals becoming friends of God<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn68" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn68" name="_ftnref68"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[68]</span></span></span></span></a>—a God recognized in all its completeness (containing both good and evil). Gripped by the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">numen</i> in encounters with the Self,<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn69" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn69" name="_ftnref69"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[69]</span></span></span></span></a> the individual will recognize what Jesus meant when he spoke of the “treasure buried in the field.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn70" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn70" name="_ftnref70"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[70]</span></span></span></span></a> In the new dispensation, consciousness will be the new value and goal. And the purpose of living will be to create more and more consciousness.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn71" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn71" name="_ftnref71"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[71]</span></span></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Creating more consciousness is not easy. People will have to expend “arduous, conscious effort” to do it.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn72" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn72" name="_ftnref72"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[72]</span></span></span></span></a> Doing so will force confrontation with the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">deus absconditus</i>, the hidden god, the shadow side of the Divine. The God-image mentioned above will need to widen, to include the breadth of Jung’s many definitions listed earlier. For some people reluctant to look on the dark side or to go into their depths,<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn73" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn73" name="_ftnref73"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[73]</span></span></span></span></a> this new dispensation will be most unpalatable. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">But Jung and his followers see many benefits. For the individual these include, a tremendous expansion of compassion, empathy and creativity (born from recognizing one’s shadow, redeeming one’s suffering,<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn74" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn74" name="_ftnref74"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[74]</span></span></span></span></a> and touching into the ultimate creative impulse), as well as an unshakeable sense of security (through constant awareness of the Self and its guidance).<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn75" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn75" name="_ftnref75"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[75]</span></span></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">For the collective, widespread adherence to the new dispensation promises the redemption of matter (for people will recognize that all of physical reality is pervaded with the Divine);<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn76" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn76" name="_ftnref76"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[76]</span></span></span></span></a> the spontaneous formation of communities of like-minded people (something we are seeing even now, in the growth and popularity of organizations like the Jungian Center);<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn77" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn77" name="_ftnref77"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[77]</span></span></span></span></a> the healing of societal malaise (as more people find the true source of meaning and healing); and the evolution of the Collective Unconscious into a more ethical and creative psychological force.<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn78" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn78" name="_ftnref78"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[78]</span></span></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Jung pointed out the vital necessity for a new religious myth that would undergird Western culture. He recognized that we are living in a time that has lost its central myth, which Edward Edinger called “a truly apocalyptic condition.”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn79" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn79" name="_ftnref79"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[79]</span></span></span></span></a> Our civilization has become rudderless, without the means to steer Western societies in meaningful ways, without solid bases for decision-making. In earlier essays<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn80" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftn80" name="_ftnref80"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Georgia', 'serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-USfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" >[80]</span></span></span></span></a> we discussed the archetype of the apocalypse and how current global conditions are leading us closer and closer to confronting our collective shadow. The emergence of the “psychological dispensation” is one positive sign on the horizon that could avert global disaster. But for it to do so requires individuals to find that “treasure in the field”—the treasure that lies within each of us. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Bibliography</span></b><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Edinger, Edward (1996), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Aion Lectures: Exploring the Self in C.G. Jung’s </i>Aion. <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">________ (1984), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Creation of Consciousness: Jung’s Myth for Modern Man</i>. Toronto: Inner City Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Elder, George & Dianne Cordic (2009), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">An American Jungian: In Honor of Edward F. Edinger</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Jaffe, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Lawrence</st1:city></st1:place> (1999), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Celebrating Soul: Preparing for the New Religion</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">________ (1990), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Liberating the Heart: Spirituality and Jungian Psychology</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Jung, Carl (1956) “Symbols of Transformation,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 5, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">________ (1971), “Psychological Types,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 6. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">________ (1966), “Two Essays on Analytical Psychology,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">________ (1959), “Aion,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 9ii. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">________ (1970), “Civilization in Transition,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">________ (1969), “Psychology and Religion: West and East,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW </i>11. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">________ (1953), “Psychology and Alchemy,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">________ (1954), “The Practice of Psychotherapy,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">________ (1975), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, 2 vol., ed. Gerhard Adler. Princeton: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Princeton</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Leff, Gordon (1973), “Heresy in the Middle Ages,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Dictionary of the History of Ideas</i>, II. <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state></st1:place>: Charles Scribners’ Sons.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Lewis, Charlton & Charles Short (1969), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">A Latin Dictionary</i>. <st1:city st="on">Oxford</st1:city>: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Oxford</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">Sharp, Daryl (1991), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Jung Lexicon: A Primer of Terms and Concepts</i>. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>: Inner City Books<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';">-Submitted by Sue Mehrtens<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:'Georgia','serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote-list"><br clear="all"><br /><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn1"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> E.g. Edward Edinger and <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Lawrence</st1:city></st1:place> Jaffe; cf. Edinger (1984), 88-90; Edinger, in Elder & Cordic (2009), 177; Andrew Burniston, in Elder & Cordic (2009), 265; and Jaffe (1990), 20,21,108,136,143-4,165; and Jaffe (1999), 17-18,51.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn2"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Lewis & Short (1969), 591.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn3"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jaffe (1999), 18.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn4"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn5"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Participation mystique</i> is a term Jung borrowed from the anthropologist Claude Lévy-Bruhl to refer to the “’prelogical’ mentality of primitives…” Gerhard Adler, the editor of Jung’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, notes that “Jung made frequent use” of the term “to denote the state of projection in which internal and external events are inextricably mixed up, resulting in an irrational and unconscious identity of inside and outside.” Footnote 11 to Jung’s letter to Pastor Walter Bernet, 13 June 1955; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, II, 264.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn6"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger (1996, 37.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn7"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jaffe (1990), 20.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn8"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> Jung, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works</i>, 5, ¶396n; 9ii, ¶303. As has been the convention throughout these blog essays, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> will hereafter be the abbreviation for Jung’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Collected Works.</i></span></span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn9"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Aquarius</i> is Latin for “water carrier;” Lewis & Short (1969), 148.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn10"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jaffe (1990), 19.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn11"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jaffe (1999), 7.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn12"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jaffe (1990), 19.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn13"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 20.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn14"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Quoted in Edinger (1996), 27.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn15"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, II, 271.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn16"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger (1984), 84.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn17"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn18"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 91.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn19"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, II, 377.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn20"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 260; italics in the original.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn21"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> E.g. Martin Buber; see Jung, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, II, 68,147,367-8,371,375-9,570-3.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn22"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶394.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn23"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn24"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[24]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn25"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[25]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> The plus sign is due to the fact that the 498 citations do not include those in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Answer to Job</i>, which number in the hundreds.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn26"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[26]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶631.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn27"><br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, II, 525.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn28"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[28]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 4.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn29"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[29]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn30"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[30]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 157.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn31"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[31]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 253.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn32"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[32]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 274.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn33"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 275.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn34"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[34]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 302.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn35"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[35]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 384.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn36"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[36]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid, 525.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn37"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[37]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn38"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[38]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 496.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn39"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[39]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 519.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn40"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[40]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 522-3.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn41"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[41]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 623.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn42"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[42]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 154; italics in the original.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn43"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[43]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 522; italics in the original.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn44"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[44]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 254-5; italics in the original.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn45"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[45]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 572; italics in the original.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn46"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[46]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 571.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn47"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[47]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 6, ¶789.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn48"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[48]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn49"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn49" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[49]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 12, ¶44.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn50"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn50" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[50]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, II, 258.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn51"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn51" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[51]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid.; italics in the original.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn52"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn52" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[52]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Sharp (1991), 119.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn53"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn53" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[53]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 7, ¶399.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn54"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn54" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[54]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, ¶223.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn55"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn55" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[55]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> “Jung’s Timelessness and Thoughts on Our Current Reality,” <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> blog posting for July 2009.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn56"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn56" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[56]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 10, ¶719.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn57"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn57" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[57]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., ¶586.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn58"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn58" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref58" name="_ftn58"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[58]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 16, ¶223.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn59"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn59" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref59" name="_ftn59"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[59]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger (1996), 193.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn60"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn60" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref60" name="_ftn60"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[60]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> John 4:10.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn61"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn61" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref61" name="_ftn61"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[61]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Aquarius</i> is Latin for “water-bearer,” as I noted earlier.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn62"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn62" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref62" name="_ftn62"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[62]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger (1996), 72.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn63"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn63" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref63" name="_ftn63"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[63]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">CW</i> 11, ¶139.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn64"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn64" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref64" name="_ftn64"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[64]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Leff (1973), 417,421.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn65"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn65" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref65" name="_ftn65"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[65]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger, in Elder & Cordic (2009), 185.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn66"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn66" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref66" name="_ftn66"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[66]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 190.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn67"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn67" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref67" name="_ftn67"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[67]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 173.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn68"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn68" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref68" name="_ftn68"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[68]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Michael Anderton, in Elder & Cordic (2009), 267.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn69"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn69" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref69" name="_ftn69"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[69]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger, in ibid., 177.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn70"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn70" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref70" name="_ftn70"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[70]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Matt. 13:44.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn71"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn71" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref71" name="_ftn71"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[71]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger, in Elder & Cordic (2009), 173; and Edinger (1984), 17.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn72"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn72" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref72" name="_ftn72"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[72]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger, in Elder & Cordic (2009), 168.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn73"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn73" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref73" name="_ftn73"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[73]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Ibid., 219.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn74"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn74" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref74" name="_ftn74"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[74]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> For what is entailed in redeeming suffering, see my essay, “The Gift of Suffering,” in the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> blog archive for September 2008.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn75"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn75" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref75" name="_ftn75"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[75]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> See the earlier essay “Components of Individuation, Part IV,” on this blog site; posted February 2010.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn76"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn76" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref76" name="_ftn76"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[76]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Jung, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Letters</i>, II, 157.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn77"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn77" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref77" name="_ftn77"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[77]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger, in Elder & Cordic (2009), 202-3.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn78"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn78" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref78" name="_ftn78"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[78]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Elder, in Elder & Cordic (2009), 255.</span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn79"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn79" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref79" name="_ftn79"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[79]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> Edinger, in Elder & Cordic (2009), 226. </span></p></div><br /><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn80"><br /><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn80" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3507854116233804879#_ftnref80" name="_ftn80"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10;" >[80]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"> See “Jung’s Prophetic Visions and the Alchemy of Our Time,” “Jung’s Challenge to Us,” and “Jung and the Archetype of the Apocalypse,” <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Jungian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> blog postings for January-March 2009, August 2009 and October 2009, respectively.</span></p></div></div>The C.G. Jung Socitey of Vermonthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14823230353203443754noreply@blogger.com0